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Security is nothing new to Linux distributions. Linux distros have always emphasized security and related matters like firewalls, penetration testing, anonymity, and privacy. So it is hardly surprising that security conscious distributions are common place. For instance, Distrowatch lists sixteen distros that specialize in firewalls, and four for privacy.
Most of these specialty security distributions, however, share the same drawback: they are tools for experts, not average users. Only recently have security distributions tried to make security features generally accessible for desktop users.
These accessible security distros are often still in development, but they are worth investigating now before they become mainstream. In alphabetical order, here are five of the leading distributions for accessible:
Compartmentalization is innate to everything from permissions to root accounts. By isolating parts of the operating system from others, any intrusions can be easily closed down. The difference in Qubes OS is that the compartments are formalized, and accessible from the desktop.
The distribution comes with three security domains (aka AppVMs) — work, personal, and untrusted — and users can add their own. Each domain is available from the top of the desktop menu, and color-codes the border of all windows running in it, making the set up obvious at a glance. Other operations, such as file copying, open a temporary domain that closes automatically when done.
This extra level of security comes at a cost of extra memory. To run smoothly, Qubes OS requires at least eight gigabytes of RAM – about twice what most computers are sold with. However, I know of no other distribution that integrates such tight security so thoroughly into the desktop. You can evade its precautions — in fact, you have to in order to burn a DVD — but you have to make a deliberate effort.
Currently in alpha, SubgraphOS is being developed by a small collection of security experts in Montreal. Its distinguishing feature is the integration of many standard security features into the desktop.
For example, filesystem encryption is mandatory during installation, and partitioning begins with the random overwriting of the partition. Similarly, on the desktop itself, the browser sets up with the anonymizer Tor, while Thunderbird installs Enigmail to enable encrypted email.
In addition, SubgraphOS is developing a sandbox application called Oz, with a list of sandboxed applications on the upper right of the panel. In the alpha, only chat, LibreOffice, and other applications likely to come in contact with other systems are sandboxed automatically, but the potential is obvious.
What is particularly impressive about SubgraphOS is how much it tightens security while using mostly existing tools. More than any of the other distributions described here, SubgraphOS shows badly security standards have been lagging behind what is readily available.
Tails is the best known accessible security distribution. Designed to run from an exterior drive, it is best known for its easy implementation of the Tor and I2P anonymizers. Its other tools include encryption apps, and secure deletion.
Not being installed on a drive, Tails essentially runs in a safe domain, but is less versatile than Qubes OS. What it is ideal for is a quick tutorial in security matters, all of which are explained with numerous links. You probably wouldn’t want to rely on Tails for business security, but it remains the best distribution from which to learn about the available tools and issues.
Formerly LightWeight Portable Security, Trusted End Node Security (TENS)) resembles Tails in that it is designed to book from an exterior drive, running a thin version of Linux. Since nothing is installed, a root password is not required. However, no persistent storage is used, and the effects of malware last only during the current session. In fact, the project site suggests rebooting before beginning important transactions or after visiting risky sites.
Whonix runs off Virtualbox. It consists of two installations: the Whonix Gateway, which deals with Tor and anonymization generally, and the Whonix Desktop. To use the distribution, start the gateway. then the Desktop. Both the gateway and desktop are upgraded via Tor, using standard Debian package tools. By running in a virtualized environment with a separate Tor gateway, Whonix gives two extra levels of security.
The desktop is a mixture of configuration tools, Whonix project links, and other security tools. Since Whonix uses the KDE environment, whose tools such as KGpg, an interface for gpg, may be unfamiliar for some.
While Whonix is not as user-friendly as Qubes OS or Subgraph OS, its unique setup is worth looking at just to familiarize yourself with the variety of security configurations.
Using any of these security-focused Linux distributions will change your work-flow. For instance, in Qubes OS, the simple act of copying requires the additional stage of specifying the security domain being copied to.
If such a change seems too great a step, you might prefer to look to applications below the distribution level for your security. Firejail, for example, secures common applications simply by prefacing their commands with firejail, while, increasingly many are using containers as a quick, if somewhat resource-heavy form of sandboxing.
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Best Security Settings For Windows 11 (2023)
Although Windows 11 is the most secure version of the operating system, you can still add some custom configurations to the system and follow best practices to improve the security of your device.
For instance, as best security practices, you can check for system updates and scan the computer for viruses. Also, you can enable other security features, such as ransomware and phishing protection, firewall, biometric authentication, encryption, and other most sonicated features like Smart App Control and Core Isolation.
If you need to browse a website that doesn’t seem trustworthy, the Microsoft Defender Application Guard can create an isolated environment without risking malicious code or hackers from trying to access the device. Also, if you have to install an application from an untrusted source, you use Windows Sandbox to create a lightweight virtual machine to test the application without putting the main installation at risk.
This guide includes a collection of the best security settings for Windows 11 in 2023.
Windows 11 best security settings to change in 2023These are the best security settings to apply on Windows 11. (You don’t have to configure every one of them, only use the ones you consider the best for your situation.)
1. Install system updatesOn Windows 11, installing the latest updates on your computer is perhaps the best way to keep your files secure since the packages can fix bugs, enhance security, and improve system performance.
To install Windows 11 updates manually, use these steps:
Quick note: Optional updates usually include non-security changes that Microsoft plans to release in the next Patch Tuesday rollout.
Once you complete the steps, if an update is available, it will download and install automatically on Windows 11.
In addition to using the Windows Update settings, you have multiple ways to update the system using Command Prompt, PowerShell, and the Microsoft Update Catalog website.
1. Scan computer for virusesWindows 11 comes with the Microsoft Defender Antivirus to detect and remove virtually any kind of malware, such as viruses, ransomware, spyware, rootkits, and others. If you suspect your computer has been compromised, you can always perform a full or offline scan (if the device is infected with a tough virus) to ensure the device is free of malware. In addition, you can use periodic scanning on devices with a different antivirus solution.
Full virus scanTo perform a full virus scan on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Start.
Select the Full scan option to check the entire system for viruses and any other type of malware.
After you complete the steps, Microsoft Defender Antivirus will scan the computer for viruses and other types of malware. If anything is detected, the antivirus will remove (or quarantine) the threats automatically.
You can also use the antivirus with Command Prompt and PowerShell.
Offline virus scanTo run an offline virus scan on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Windows Security.
Check the “Microsoft Defender Offline scan” option.
Once you complete the steps, the computer will restart automatically in the recovery environment, and Microsoft Defender will start the full virus scan. If the Windows 11 antivirus detects any virus, rootkit, or another type of malware, it automatically removes it.
Enable periodic scanningIf you have another antivirus solution, another best security practice is to enable “periodic scanning” on Windows 11, another best feature that periodically scans and removes threats other antivirus software may have missed.
To enable “periodic scanning” on Microsoft Defender Antivirus for Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Windows Security.
Turn on the Periodic scanning toggle switch.
After you complete the steps, the Windows 11 antivirus will use the “Automatic Maintenance” feature to run the scans at optimal times to minimize the impact on performance and battery life.
3. Enable ransomware protection“Controlled folder access” is another best security feature built into Windows 11 to protect your computer from ransomware attacks. It does this by monitoring the changes that apps make to your files. If an app tries to modify the files inside a protected folder and the app is blacklisted, you’ll get notified about the suspicious activity.
To enable the Controlled folder access anti-ransomware protection on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Windows Security.
Turn on the “Controlled folder access” toggle switch.
Once you complete the steps, Microsoft Defender Antivirus will monitor the protected folders as applications try to modify your files. If suspicious activity occurs, you’ll get a notification about the threat.
In addition to enabling the feature is half of the equation. You can always use these instructions to prevent the feature from blocking trusted applications and protect folder locations other than the defaults.
4. Enable phishing protectionStarting in version 22H2, Windows 11 includes a phishing protection feature that can protect your passwords from malicious sites and apps. The security feature does this in three ways. First, enabling the future will show you a warning when it detects you entered your account password on an untrusted site or app. It’ll also alert you when trying to save passwords in plain text on an application and reusing passwords on other accounts since it makes it easier for hackers to steal your information.
The feature works on a Microsoft account, local account, Active Directory, or Azure Active Directory.
To enable phishing protection on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Settings.
Under the “Additional settings” section, turn off the “For improved security, only allow Windows Hello sign-in for Microsoft accounts on this device” toggle switch.
Quick note: The security feature only works when using a password, which means you have to disable Windows Hello before enabling phishing protection.
Under the “Ways to sign in” section, select the active Windows Hello option (Facial recognition, Fingerprint recognition, or PIN).
Confirm your Microsoft account password.
Open Windows Security.
Turn on the “Phishing protection” toggle switch to enable the security feature.
Check the “Warm me about malicious apps and sites” option to display a warning when on an untrusted website or program.
Check the “Warm me about password reuse” option to avoid using the same password when creating a new account or updating the information on a website or program.
Check the “Warm me about unsafe password storage” option to warn you not to save a password in plain text in a text editor.
Once you complete the steps, the “Enhanced Phishing Protection” feature will warn you when entering a password on an untrusted app or website with the option to change the password to reduce the chances of someone gaining unauthorized access to your account.
Since text editors or Office apps were not designed to protect your credentials, you will also get a warning when trying to reuse a password or save passwords in these applications.
5. Check firewall settingsThe Microsoft Defender Firewall can monitor incoming and outgoing network traffic to allow or block connections based on predefined rules to protect your computer and information from unauthorized access. The feature should be enabled by default, but it’s always a good idea to check and enable it if it’s not.
To enable the firewall through Windows Security, use these steps:
Open Windows Security.
Turn on the Microsoft Defender Firewall toggle switch to disable the firewall.
After you complete the steps, the firewall will turn on for the active network profile.
6. Enable Windows Hello Face or fingerprintAs part of the best security settings for Windows 11, you can also use Windows Hello, which allows you to increase your computer’s security by adding biometric elements (such as your face or fingerprint) to sign in to your profile. If you don’t have a device that integrates some sort of biometric hardware, you will need to purchase a compatible face recognition camera or fingerprint reader to set it up.
Enable face recognition authenticationTo configure Windows Hello facial recognition to unlock a computer on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Settings.
Under the “Ways to sign in” section, select the “Facial recognition (Windows Hello)” setting.
Confirm your current password (or PIN).
Look directly into the camera for Windows 11 to create a facial recognition profile of your face.
Once you complete the steps, you can lock your device (Windows key + L) and look into the camera to sign in.
Enable fingerprint authenticationTo set up Windows Hello with a fingerprint reader, use these steps:
Open Settings.
Under the “Ways to sign in” section, select the Fingerprint recognition setting.
Confirm your account password.
Touch the fingerprint sensor as indicated in the wizard.
Continue with the on-screen directions to capture your fingerprint from various angles.
After completing the steps, you can lock your device (Windows key + L) and then use the fingerprint reader to sign in with the finger you configured.
7. Enable Dynamic LockDynamic Lock is a security feature built into Windows 11 that locks your device when you step away based on the proximity of a Bluetooth-paired device (such as your phone or wearable), adding another layer of security.
To enable Dynamic Lock on Windows 11, use these steps:
Turn on the Bluetooth device.
Turn on the device’s Bluetooth pair option to make it discoverable.
Open Settings on Windows 11.
Turn on the Bluetooth toggle switch to enable the wireless radio (if applicable).
Select the Bluetooth option.
Choose the Bluetooth device from the list.
Continue with the on-screen directions (if applicable).
Select the Dynamic lock setting.
Check the “Allow Windows to automatically lock your device when you’re away” option.
Once you complete the steps, when the Bluetooth device isn’t near the computer, Windows 11 will wait 30 seconds and then turn off the screen and lock the account.
8. Block unwanted appsWindows Security has a feature to protect your installation against malicious apps. The feature is known as “reputation-based protection,” and it can detect and block low-reputation apps that may cause unexpected behaviors on Windows 11, such as poorly designed or harmful apps.
To enable reputation-based protection for unwanted apps on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Windows Security.
Turn on the “Potentially unwanted app blocking” toggle switch to protect the device from unwanted apps on Windows 11.
Check the Block apps option.
After you complete the steps, Windows 11 will be able to detect and block apps with a low reputation that may cause problems.
9. Enable encryptionBitLocker is yet another best security feature that allows you to use encryption on a drive to protect your data from unauthorized access to your documents, pictures, and any data you may have on the computer.
On Windows 11, the feature is only available in the Pro, Enterprise, and Education edition. However, on Windows 11 Home, you can use “device encryption” on some devices.
Enable device encryption on Windows 11 ProTo configure BitLocker on a Windows 11 drive, use these steps:
Open Settings.
Select the drive with the volume to encrypt.
Select the option to backup the recovery key – for example, “Save to your Microsoft account” (recommended).
Select the “Encrypt used disk space only” option.
Select the “New encryption mode” option.
Check the “Run BitLocker system check” option.
After you complete the steps, the computer will restart to apply the settings and enable BitLocker.
You can also enable encryption for secondary and external drives. And using BitLocker To Go, you can protect your data on USB flash drives.
Enable device encryption on Windows 11 HomeTo configure BitLocker encryption on Windows 11 Home, use these steps:
Open Settings.
Turn on Device encryption to enable BitLocker on Windows 11 Home.
Once you complete the steps, the feature will encrypt the entire system drive.
If you no longer need encryption, it’s possible to decrypt the drive with the same instructions.
10. Enable Smart App ControlOn Windows 11 22H2 and higher releases, Smart App Control (SAC) is a security feature that locks the system down, allowing it to run only trusted apps or apps with valid certificates to prevent unwanted behaviors from untrusted applications.
To enable Smart App Control on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Windows Security.
Select the Evaluation option.
After you complete the steps, the feature will run quietly in the background, but it’ll not block anything. However, in this stage, the system will learn from your application to determine whether the feature can run without affecting the experience.
If Smart App Control can run as expected, the system will turn it on automatically. If the feature may get in the way, the system will turn it off automatically.
Once the evaluation is done, the feature will enable automatically, but you won’t be able to turn it off. Also, if the system then blocks an app, you won’t be able to unblock it unless you turn off the feature that will require reinstallation.
11. Enable Core IsolationCore Isolation is a collection of security features to protect your computer from malicious code and hackers. One of the features available is “memory integrity,” which blocks different types of malware from compromising high-security processes in memory.
The feature should be enabled by default on Windows 11, but if it’s not, you can use these steps:
Open Start.
Turn on the “Memory integrity” toggle switch to enable the Core isolation.
Restart the computer.
Once you complete the steps, the security feature will enable on Windows 11.
12. Microsoft Defender Application GuardMicrosoft Defender Application Guard is a feature available on Windows 11 that creates a virtualized version of Microsoft Edge to browse untrusted websites without the risk of malicious code or hackers infecting your computer. This feature is only available on Windows 11 Pro, not in the Home edition.
To enable Microsoft Defender Application Guard on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Settings.
Check the “Microsoft Defender Application Guard” option.
When you close the session, the virtualization will be deleted from the computer without saving anything.
13. Windows SandboxWindows Sandbox is similar to the Microsoft Defender Application Guard feature, but the difference is that the Sandbox feature provides a full desktop virtualization experience to install and test untrusted applications isolated from the main installation.
To enable Windows Sandbox on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Settings.
Check the Windows Sandbox option.
Once you complete the steps, you can run Windows Sandbox from the Start menu.
If you have to install an application, you can download the installer from the internet using the browser available in the virtual machine, or from the main installation, you can cut the file and paste it on the Windows Sandbox desktop.
14. Full backupOn Windows 11, a full backup is one of the best security practices to create a copy of the entire system allowing you to recover in case of critical system problems, malware attacks like ransomware, hardware failure, or when upgrading the primary drive. In addition, a backup can help you roll back to a previous installation after upgrading to a new feature update or hard drive.
You can always choose a third-party solution (such as Macrium Reflect or Veam), but you can still use the (deprecated) legacy “System Image Backup” tool to save a full backup to a USB hard drive.
To create a full backup on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Start.
Select the external drive to save the Windows 11 backup.
Once you complete the steps, Windows 11 will create a full backup of your computer.
You will also receive the option to create a repair disk, but you can ignore it since you can use the Windows 11 bootable media to access the recovery settings to restore the backup.
In addition to periodically backup your device, it’s also recommended to use third-party services like OneDrive to store your files in the cloud. This approach will protect the files from hardware failure, ransomware, or theft.
Alternatively, copying your files to an external drive with a simple copy and paste (as long as you don’t have a lot of data) is another way to protect your documents, pictures, videos, and other files.
15. Switch from Administrator to Standard User accountWindows 11 offers two types of accounts (“Administrator” and “Standard User)” with different permission levels to manage apps and the system. The Administrator account has unlimited access, allowing users to change system settings, run elevated tasks, and everything else.
The Standard User account offers a more restrictive environment. A user with this privilege level can work with apps but cannot install anything else. Also, they can change settings, but not system settings or settings that will affect all users.
Since using an account without limits can be a security risk, switching to a standard account is one of the best practices to improve security. You can create a new “Administrator” account only for management and change your account type to “Standard User.”
Create local administrator accountTo create an administrator local account through the Settings app, use these steps:
Open Start.
Create an administrator account by confirming a name and password.
Create security questions and answers to recover the account if the password is lost.
Use the “Account type” drop-down menu and select the Administrator option.
Once you complete the steps, the new account will appear on Windows 11.
Switch to standard accountTo change an Administrator account to a Standard Users account on Windows 11, use these steps:
Sign out of your current account.
Sign in to the newly created administrator account.
Open Settings.
Select the primary account.
Select the Standard User option using the “Account type” drop-down menu.
After completing the steps, the original account will switch from “Administrator” to “Standard User” account type. You will be prompted to confirm the administrator credential if you ever need to make system changes or install new apps. Or you can also sign in to the administrator account to perform system changes.
16. Disable Remote DesktopAlthough the Remote Desktop feature allows you to access files and applications from another location or offer assistance without being present at the site, it also presents a security risk as it may help a malicious individual to gain unauthorized access to the computer. If you don’t use Remote Desktop, you should disable the feature as a best security practice.
To disable Remote Desktop on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Settings.
Turn off the Remote Desktop toggle switch.
Once you complete the steps, malicious individuals shouldn’t be able to exploit the RDP protocol to gain unauthorized access to your computer.
17. Sync time and dateOn Windows 11, it’s also important to keep the system with the correct time and date. Otherwise, it could cause security problems, such as trying to sign in to a service or application on the network or internet.
To update the time and date on Windows 11, use these steps:
Open Settings.
Use the Time zone setting and select the proper time zone for your location.
Turn on the “Set time automatically” toggle switch.
After you complete the steps, Windows 11 will update and show the correct time on the computer.
10 Best Security Extensions For Google Chrome
With the cyber crime rate increasing by the day, it is becoming essential to boost up your online security. To do that, you can take a number of measures that include using stronger passwords, transacting only on the sites with an SSL certificate, and many more. However, taking these measures may not always be as convenient. To make your life simpler in this domain, Chrome Web Store has a few extensions that you can add to your Chrome browser. So without further ado, here is a list of the 10 best security extensions for Google Chrome:
1. Avast Online SecurityAvast Online Security can prevent you from landing on potential malicious sites when you mistype a URL by redirecting you to legitimate sites. And if you have Avast Antivirus already installed on your computer, then you can enable the “SafeZone” feature that takes you to Avast’s own SafeZone browser whenever you visit any sensitive financial sites.
2. LastPassIf coming up with strong passwords for your online accounts wasn’t enough of a challenge, remembering them all definitely is. That’s when you need to add the LastPass extension to your list. It is a password manager that encrypts all your passwords using 256-bit AES encryption, salted hashing, and PBKDF2 SHA-256 and stores them securely in a single place. To access them, all you are required to do is remember one master password. In addition to this, you can secure your LastPass account further using two-factor authentication.
LastPass extension can also be used to generate password suggestions and store your insurance card numbers, membership numbers, and WiFi passwords as secured notes. And if you ever want to share them with anyone, you can do that securely. Though all these features are offered free, LastPass also has a premium version that offers some additional features like shared family folders (up to 5 users), desktop fingerprint identification, and 1 GB of encrypted file storage.
Add to Chrome: (free, premium at $1/month)
3. GhosteryFor the sites that you trust, Ghostery allows you to mark them as a trusted site so that the trackers on that domain don’t get blocked. And for the ones you do not trust, you can restrict them to block all trackers automatically.
Add to Chrome: (free)
4. TunnelBearWith TunnelBear’s free model, you get browse up to 500 MB data per month. You get an additional 500 MB on confirming your email and 1 GB on tweeting on their Twitter handle. For browsing unlimited data, you can check their pricing model here.
Add to Chrome: (free, premium starts at $9.99/month)
6. HTTPS Everywhere
Despite having a secure HTTPS connection, many sites still redirect you to their insecure HTTP connection by default. However, if you add the HTTPS Everywhere extension added to your Chrome browser, you won’t have to worry about it any longer. The extension forces the HTTPS connection to load for any website by default, that is if it has one. This can make your browsing secure, especially when you have to carry out online transactions.
Add to Chrome: (free)
7. Unshorten.linkMany times, you must have seen shortened links that redirect you to different websites. For all you know, they may be malicious websites that contain malware and viruses. To prevent yourself from coming across this unwanted situation, you can add the chúng tôi extension to your Chrome browser.
Once you add it to your browser, the next time you open a shortened link, you would see a page that tells you what website you are being redirected to along with how safe it is. You can then choose to proceed or go back accordingly. The extension also blocks some of the common tracking cookies on your destination URL.
Add to Chrome: (free)
8. Secure ProfileGoogle Chrome has some great features like storing all your passwords and auto-filling of forms. As helpful as these can be, your data can easily be accessed by anyone using your browser. Though Chrome has the ability to offer multiple profiles for different users, it doesn’t really solve the problem. However, you can add the Secure Profile extension and prevent any unauthorized access to your data. You can set a password for your Chrome profile, and the next time someone opens the browser using your profile, he/she would be prompted for the password.
9. Secure Mail for Gmail
Add to Chrome: (free)
10. Credit Card NannyCredit Card Nanny is an extension that lets you know if a website that requires you to fill a form with sensitive data, like your credit card information, emails that form to the site administrator in plain text. This can come in very useful to prevent your data from being accessed by potential hackers. Once you have this extension added to Chrome and open a website that follows the aforementioned bad practice, you’ll get a warning popup. To see the extension working in action, add the extension to your browser first and then open this link.
Add to Chrome: (free)
SEE ALSO: 10 Cool Chrome Extensions For YouTube You Should Use
Use the Best Security Extensions for Chrome5 Shell Scripts For Linux Newbies To Learn Shell Programming
If you’re new to Linux, learning shell scripting can seem daunting at first. However, shell scripting can be an incredibly useful skill to have when working with Linux systems. Shell scripts can automate repetitive tasks, perform system administration tasks, and even help with software development.
In this article, we’ll look at five shell scripts that Linux newbies can learn to get started with shell programming. We’ll cover some basics of shell scripting, and provide examples of each script to help you understand how they work.
What is Shell Scripting?A shell script is a program written in a scripting language that runs in a Unix/Linux shell. Shell scripting is a powerful tool that allows you to automate tasks, perform system administration tasks, and even create software.
Shell scripts are executed in a command-line interface, and they can be used to perform a wide variety of tasks, from basic file management to complex data processing.
Script 1: Hello WorldThe first script that every programmer learns is classic “Hello, World!” program. It’s a simple script that just prints a message to screen. Here’s what script looks like −
Example #!/bin/bash echo "Hello, World!" Output Hello, World!Let’s break this down. first line of script is called “shebang” line, and it tells shell which interpreter to use to run script. In this case, we’re using bash shell.
The second line is actual command that prints message to screen. echo command simply displays text that follows it.
To run script, save it to a file (e.g., hello.sh), make it executable with chmod +x chúng tôi command, and then run it with ./hello.sh.
Script 2: Simple CalculatorThe next script we’ll look at is a simple calculator. This script takes two numbers as input from user and performs a basic arithmetic operation on them. Here’s what script looks like −
Example #!/bin/bash echo "Enter first number: " read num1 echo "Enter second number: " read num2 echo "The sum is: $((num1 + num2))" Output Enter first number: Enter second number: The sum is: 0Let’s break this down. first two lines of script prompt user to enter two numbers, and then read those numbers into num1 and num2 variables.
The third line performs actual calculation. In this case, we’re adding num1 and num2 together using $(( )) syntax.
To run script, save it to a file (e.g., calculator.sh), make it executable with chmod +x chúng tôi command, and then run it with ./calculator.sh.
Script 3: File BackupThe next script we’ll look at is a file backup script. This script copies a file to a backup directory and adds a timestamp to file name. Here’s what script looks like −
#!/bin/bash backup_dir=/path/to/backup/dir/ filename=file.txt cp $filename $backup_dir/${filename}_$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)Let’s break this down. first line of script sets a variable called backup_dir to path of backup directory.
The second line sets a variable called filename to name of file we want to back up.
The third line copies file to backup directory using cp command. ${filename}_$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S) syntax adds a timestamp to end of file name, so that each backup has a unique name.
To run script, save it to a file (e.g., backup.sh), make it executable with chmod +x chúng tôi command, and then run it with ./backup.sh.
Script 4: System InformationThe next script we’ll look at is a system information script. This script displays information about system, such as operating system, kernel version, and CPU information. Here’s what script looks like −
Example #!/bin/bash echo "Operating system: $(uname -o)" echo "Kernel version: $(uname -r)" Output Operating system: GNU/Linux Kernel version: 5.15.0-60-generic CPU information: AMD Ryzen 9 5950X 16-Core ProcessorLet’s break this down. first line of script is shebang line, as usual.
To run script, save it to a file (e.g., systeminfo.sh), make it executable with chmod +x chúng tôi command, and then run it with ./systeminfo.sh.
Script 5: Password GeneratorThe last script we’ll look at is a password generator. This script generates a random password using a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters. Here’s what script looks like −
Example #!/bin/bash length=12 echo "Your new password is: $password" Output Your new password is: YRY+zm:<JwYiLet’s break this down. first line of script is shebang line, as usual.
The second line sets a variable called length to desired length of password.
To run script, save it to a file (e.g., password.sh), make it executable with chmod +x chúng tôi command, and then run it with ./password.sh.
Scritp 6: File SearchA script that allows you to search for files in a directory or subdirectories based on a keyword. Here’s an example −
#!/bin/bash echo "Enter directory to search: " read dir echo "Enter keyword to search for: " read keyword find $dir -name "*$keyword*" -printThis script prompts user to enter a directory and a keyword to search for, and then uses find command to search for files with that keyword in their names.
Script 7: Directory BackupA script that backs up an entire directory (including subdirectories and files) to a backup location. Here’s an example −
#!/bin/bash src_dir=/path/to/src/dir/ backup_dir=/path/to/backup/dir/ tar -czf $backup_dir/backup_$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S).tar.gz $src_dirThis script sets variables for source directory and backup directory, and then uses tar command to create a compressed archive of source directory in backup directory, with a timestamp in filename.
Script 8: Process MonitoringA script that monitors a specific process and sends an alert if process stops running. Here’s an example −
#!/bin/bash process_name=myprocess while true do then sleep 1 else echo "$process_name has stopped running." break fi doneThis script uses a while loop to continuously check if a process with a specific name is running using ps command. If process is not running, script sends an email alert to specified user using mail command.
Scritp 9: Web ScrapingA script that extracts data from a website and stores it in a file or database. Here’s an example using curl and grep commands −
#!/bin/bash data=$(curl -s $url)This script uses curl command to retrieve HTML content of a webpage, and then uses grep to extract title tag and save it to a file.
Script 10: SSH AutomationA script that automates SSH login and command execution on remote servers. Here’s an example using sshpass command −
#!/bin/bash username="user" password="password" command="ls" sshpass -p $password ssh $username@$server $commandThis script uses sshpass command to automate SSH login and execute a command on a remote server without user interaction.
Script 11: Database Backup #!/bin/bash db_name="mydb" db_user="user" db_password="password" backup_dir="/path/to/backup/dir/" backup_file="$backup_dir/backup_$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S).sql"This script uses mysqldump command to perform a backup of a MySQL database and save it to a file with a timestamp in name. It then uses rsync command to upload backup file to a remote server.
ConclusionShell scripting is a powerful tool that can help you automate tasks, perform system administration tasks, and even create software. scripts we covered in this article are just tip of iceberg when it comes to shell scripting, but they should give you a good foundation to start building your own scripts.
Remember, practice makes perfect, so don’t be afraid to experiment with different commands and scripts to see what works best for you. Happy scripting!
5 Best Browsers For WordPress
5 Best Browsers for WordPress [Editing, Development, Admin] Our researchers tested all the browsers in this list
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WordPress is one of the best websites and blog-creation tools available online.
The article below will act as a list of the best browsers to use in order to make the most out of WordPress.
All the browsers discussed are great for Editing but our top pic gives you more flexibility for blog editing.
Struggling with various browser issues? Try a better option: Opera One
You deserve a better browser! Over 300 million people use Opera One daily, a fully-fledged navigation experience coming with various built-in packages, enhanced resource consumption, and great design.
Here’s what Opera One can do:
Optimize resource usage: Opera One uses your Ram more efficiently than Brave
AI and User Friendly: New feature directly accessible from the sidebar
Gaming friendly: Opera GX is the first and best browser for gamers
⇒ Get Opera One
The best browser for a WordPress editor is one that guarantees more security and quick response time. Also, a professional needs the ease with downloadable extensions, add-ons, etc.
Developers rely on tools like PHP, JavaScript, CSS editing, debugging sites, productivity tools, project management, etc. Whether you prefer using one or multiple browsers, here are some of the best browsers with compatibility for WordPress editing.
How do I make my WordPress site compatible with all browsers?Cross-browser compatibility is essential because you can never tell where your website will be accessed. Because of this, you must take the necessary steps to ensure that the user gets the best experience regardless of the browser.
here are our recommendations for creating websites that are compatible across browsers:
Test across browsers – While most of your users will access the site with Chrome, during creation, you must test across as many browsers as possible and tweak the site design to be optimized for as many of them as possible.
Use simple and easy code – Ensure you consistently use simple code and keep the design to just what is needed and nothing more.
Set the HTML Doctype – This will help every browser to figure out the HTML version.
Set CSS reset rules – These rules will ensure your design code is not interpreted differently when new browsers are used.
With a slower connection, Opera One is one of the best browsers for editing WordPress, thanks to its exceptional Turbo mode. That’s because Opera One runs faster on the PC than other browsers.
Opera Turbo compresses web traffic to improve your browsing speed by patching the traffic through Opera One’s servers. Re-routing helps minimize data consumption and bypass ISP content restrictions.
Opera’s versatility and use of add-ons, plugins, and Chrome extensions make it an exciting option for editing WordPress sites.
More so, you don’t have to worry about regions where WordPress is not available since Opera One also comes with a built-in VPN that is completely free, has no daily limit, and allows you to choose from 3 server locations.
Here are some of the perks of using Opera One:
Ultra-fast and great for older PCs
Comes with a built-in VPN
Low CPU footprint
Fast loading times
Completely free
Opera One
Use WordPress at lightning-fast speed with the help of this lightweight and efficient web surfer.
Free Visit website
UR browser takes the lead in the pack due to its excellent features that make working with WordPress a breeze. You might be missing out on real value if you are a conservative, used to the already popular browsers. UR Browser is one of the best browsers for editing WordPress sites.
Its extensive features, add-ons, extensions, and built-in VPN helps make working with UR browser exciting. The ad-blocker and virus scanner help give you more peace of mind from attacks and infiltration.
With UR browser’s VPN, it ensures no restriction with opening blocked sites.
Additional features:
Ad blocker
Invisible tracker blocker
Third-party cookie blocker
UR Browser
A web browser that puts user experience upfront using website-creation tools like WordPress.
Free Visit website
With the recent re-engineering, Firefox offers great hope for bloggers and developers using WordPress. Firefox’s innovative approach has helped reduce the percentage of system resources utilized even with multiple tabs opened.
Other features include the Firefox open access to file extensions, flexibility, and strict privacy tools. And these are some of the things most developers on WordPress look for.
Additional features:
New tab page
Page Actions menu
Private browsing
Expert tip:
Google Chrome is one of the best browsers for editing WordPress, with most of the market share running into hundreds of millions. Chrome offers WordPress users fast performance and the ability to utilize unlimited resources for WordPress editing.
Google Chrome makes it possible to install add-ons and Chrome extensions to make the website developer’s job easier. A WordPress user can install additional plug-ins needed for editing WordPress to enjoy maximum efficiency.
However, the drawback with Google Chrome is its heavy browsing requirements. That means systems with low Ram might have issues with speed when working with Google Chrome plus data management.
Additional features:
Video live captions
Extensions in incognito
Tab casting
⇒ Download Google Chrome
Microsoft has said that Chromium Edge offers 37% more browsing speed than Google Chrome and uses Metro software; therefore, it easily accesses other metro applications.
Its integration with Windows 10 and 11 gives it more flexibility and multiple tools to work with for WordPress editing.
Microsoft Edge browser opens pages fast and has a Reading mode. Lastly, the fact that it is built on Chromium also means it gives you access to the same set of extensions that you will have using google chrome.
Additional features:
Startup boost
Sleeping tabs
Browser sync
⇒ Download Microsoft Edge
Best browser for WordPress developmentFirefox is an excellent developer browser, not limited to WordPress development or coding. A separate developer edition is integrated with best-in-class tools and CSS grid support for developers.
Best browser for WordPress adminGoogle Chrome wins in this criterium. It is about the most robust web browser available. This means for an Admin; you can use new features because, in most cases, they are built for Chrome before they are adapted for other browsers.
Best browser for WordPress editingOpera One has a slight edge over other browsers for editing. It comes with many built-in functionalities, which means you can test it against most of these native integrations while editing your WordPress site.
All the browsers we have discussed are supported for WordPress, but the list does not end here. These are simply the ones we love to recommend.
WordPress browser compatibility has become less of an issue as the tech improves, and almost every modern browser is compatible with the CMS. In the end, we hope your personal preferences and our guide help you choose the best WordPress browser.
Lastly, you always have the option of editing your sites offline; to do this, you must install WordPress on your Windows PC.
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9 Best Antivirus Software For Windows Tablets: High Security
9 Best Antivirus Software for Windows Tablets: High Security Discover top antiviruses that will keep your devices safe and sound
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With so much malware found online, the antivirus for tablet has become a necessary software.
ESET and Avast are the top preferences for many users searching for the best antivirus for tablet.
Another viable alternative to a strong antivirus program for tablet users is to install and use Avira.
BullGuard is also very popular and it was considered the best antivirus a tablet can use.
Windows tablets are in a class of their own thanks to the fact that they use Microsoft’s software. They are perfect for business and productivity purposes alike.
Just like their desktop counterparts, Windows tablets need protection against malware, even on iOS. Things are no different for Android tablets.
This is done through competent tablet antivirus software that acts as preventive medicine by keeping threats at bay, including viruses and ransomware.
Do Windows tablets need antivirus?Malware and other online threats are constantly being updated, which means you can never be too prepared.
Even though Windows has its own security measures and apps, having an additional layer of protection provided by a paid or free third-party antivirus software will keep you the safest.
So, do you need virus protection on a tablet? Most certainly, if you are serious about your data being protected.
Doesn’t my tablet already have antivirus protection?The antimalware software developed by Microsoft is called Microsoft Defender, and it can be downloaded for free on both Windows and Android devices.
Truth is, it offers enough protection for some users, however, if you value the safety of your device as well as all of your online accounts, you should invest in higher-quality security software rather than using the Microsoft Surface antivirus alone.
The varied antivirus solutions listed below allow for a very secure and prosperous experience both online and offline. That’s why we recommend them to all those looking for:
Antivirus for tablet/tablet antivirus – For the best antivirus software for tablets, we recommend BullGuard which edged out other popular solutions for the top spot.
Antivirus for Android tablets – BullGuard and Bitdefender are some of the world’s most trusted antivirus programs for Android. Take your time to check them out and make a choice!
Best free antivirus for Samsung tablets – Harmful viruses and malware may easily affect your Samsung tablet, so choose one of our previously mentioned solutions with no hesitation.
Windows ARM antivirus – For as long as the device is supported, Microsoft Defender will be able to assist in protecting Windows 10 and Windows 11 operating systems on ARM-based devices. However, the following antivirus programs can be installed to boost protection.
Without further ado, let’s jump right into the list of the top antivirus software that you can install and feel 100% safe. Keep on reading to find out more!
ESET NOD32 is a powerful, fast, and yet light antivirus that suits perfectly the gamer and the normal user as well, offering first-rate tablet virus protection.
For which devices is the antivirus available? All of them. It runs discreetly without causing interruptions, being an excellent antivirus software for Surface Pro X as well as other tablets, along with Windows, Mac, and Linux devices.
Let NOD32 detect viruses and clean them from your tablet when you create presentations, play games, or watch movies.
It will not require many resources from your hardware and you will not experience any slowdowns in your activity, due to this tablet security software.
ESET NOD32 Antivirus does a great job of removing different online threats from your device. It detects and cleans viruses, ransomware, worms, spyware, and other types of malware.
ESET NOD32’s key features:
Remote security check of your devices
Ransomware Shield
Advanced Machine Learning
Idle-State Scanning
Small System Footprint
ESET NOD32 Antivirus
ESET NOD32 Antivirus will keep your computer safe from malware including viruses, worms, ransomware, and spyware.
Check price Visit website
Bitdefender has been the talk of the town lately thanks to the pretty unique protection features it brings to the table.
While they are impressive nonetheless, they might not be exactly what most people would expect to read next. One of the greatest things about Bitdefender is the fact that it’s free.
Yes, that’s right, and no, you shouldn’t take that in stride. Antivirus software can amount to quite a pretty penny these days and they are actually a lot of folks that just can’t afford straight-up payment for protection.
Bitdefender’s key features:
Free antivirus for your tablet with cutting-edge features and tools
Makes online navigation much easier
Has a password manager
Bitdefender Total Security
Bitdefender is a big name in the antivirus business. It is a wise choice for protecting your tablet!
Check price Visit Website
TotalAV is an antivirus solution that has won several awards and is capable of identifying and completely eradicating malware for multiple devices at once.
There are benefits to using TotalAV as a free antivirus solution for your tablet, but there are also some cons. Since its introduction in 2023, it has developed into one of the anti-malware applications with the most rapid expansion rate on the market.
A learning algorithm and proactive defense are utilized by TotalAV in order to provide complete virus elimination and protection against a wide variety of forms of malware.
Your experience shopping and browsing online are kept secure with TotalAV since the software scans each page for potential dangers before showing the results in the built-in browser window.
Additionally, it is possible to disable monitoring websites that utilize your personal information for marketing purposes.
TotalAV’s key features:
TotalAV
Keep your shopping experience and browsing activity safe with this amazing antivirus tool.
Check Price Visit Website
Avira Antivirus keeps your tablet connected and secured from various online threats. This friendly and powerful tablet antivirus software protects users from scams, financial loss, and identity theft. You can also secure your online activity using Avira’s built-in VPN feature.
Once you have downloaded, installed, and put it to work, Avira Antivirus will speed up and clean your PC. This will be the perfect moment for your device to attain peak productivity.
Use Avira and make viruses, malicious websites, and ransomware a thing of the past. Try its Speed Feature to enhance your tablet’s performance, and improve the security of your accounts with Avira’s Password Manager app.
Avira’s key features:
It safeguards you against fraud, identity theft, and financial loss
Secures your online activities with a free VPN
Optimizes and cleans your computer for maximum productivity
Avira Antivirus
Avira Antivirus eliminates viruses and ransomware, protects you from dangerous websites, and speeds up your tablet.
Free download Visit Website
There are many things that recommend Malwarebytes, including the fact that it can make the differentiation between a known threat and just a threat that isn’t known but is a threat nonetheless.
What that means is that nowadays antivirus solutions must be able not just to identify threats, but to actively stop them.
When so many of its competitors are focused on enriching their databases, Malwarebytes steps outside the database confinement and judges threats by their actions rather than their names.
Malwarebytes’s key features:
A multitude of protection layers
Offers ransomware and exploits protection
Designed to accompany another antivirus on your device
Acts as a second control point between the Internet and the user
Malwarebytes Anti-malware
Malwarebytes is an efficient antivirus that keeps your tablet virus-free. Customize your security the way you want!
Check price Visit Website
This one is an extremely powerful security software tool designed to run even on low specs PCs, tablets, and laptops. On the market, you will find it a decent price compared to others.
We recommend that you take a look at Emsisoft if you are looking for an anti-malware application that provides you with increased control while maintaining an intuitive user interface.
It blocks all the trojans or malware from malicious sites you do navigate. Its dual-engine scanner will check all the downloaded or modified files and it has a behavior-blocking system that monitors your processes for unrecognized threats.
Emsisoft’s key features:
Offers 4-layer protection in real-time
Cleaning and restoration capabilities
Shows you extended logs to check the past actions
Emsisoft Anti-malware
Emsisoft Anti-malware blocks trojans and malware found on dangerous websites, while also cleaning and restoring your tablet.
Check price Visit Website
Norton is another veteran contender for the title of the best antivirus program. It has been around for a long time and it doesn’t show any signs of quitting anytime soon.
Norton’s antivirus solution is praised for its versatility and how easily it manages to handle different types of tasks at the same efficiency levels.
No matter what you’re trying to achieve on your tablet, Norton can assist with competent protection.
Norton 360’s key features:
Varied support portfolio
No strain on tablets or their performance
Great for cookie tracking and keyloggers
Has a preferential scan feature that allows users to exclude files from a scan
Norton 360
Norton 360 is a robust and reliable antivirus that protects your tablet against viruses, cookie tracking, and keyloggers.
Check price Visit Website
Kaspersky is one of the most popular antivirus solutions out there. Like it is available on all other platforms, it can also be used on Windows tablets.
It features the kind of tools you might expect from a service of its caliber, and it doesn’t fail to impress in terms of effectiveness.
It’s easy to see where it shines brightest, and that is in its raw removal prowess. That doesn’t mean it doesn’t do great in other categories though.
Kaspersky’s key features:
Removes any malware
Support for multiple versions of Windows
Anti-phishing protection
Safe banking feature
Kaspersky Standard
Kaspersky Antivirus is very efficient as it cleans and protects your tablet from malware, phishing, and keyloggers.
Check price Visit Website
Avast Antivirus has the main function of keeping your computer safe from viruses. Additionally, this powerful software will also keep your network safe from intruders.
Many antiviruses available nowadays will scan your computer for malware applications. Avast Antivirus contains this feature too, but it takes things a little further and monitors your existing applications to prevent them from getting infected.
Avast’s key features:
Verifies Wi-Fi network security
Avoids fake and unsafe websites
Secures against phishing sites
Stops PC remote access attacks
Avast Free Antivirus
Avast Antivirus detects and eliminates viruses, monitors your home network and apps, and scans your tablet for malware.
Free download Visit Website
Are tablets more secure than laptops?Because viruses are programmed to target PCs, portable devices such as laptops are more likely to get infected than tablets.
If you decide to buy a laptop, you should seriously consider investing in antivirus software to keep your documents and other important data safe.
Tablets, on the other hand, are also an area of concern. But, using good protection software, laptops, and tablets can be just as secure.
Are tablets safe for online banking?With mobile banking, you can carry out many of the same transactions as with Internet banking by utilizing a mobile device such as a smartphone or a Windows tablet rather than a traditional computer.
By using one of the above antivirus software, your tablet will be more than safe for online banking. Rest assured!
Alternatively, you can look at our post with the 10 best antivirus software for online banking to stay one step ahead.
With so many great solutions available, it’s hard to see how many Windows tablets might have problems staying safe.
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