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DualShock 4 in stores early: non-PS4 details emerge

So what’s the big deal? Why would someone want a wireless controller for a system that’s not even in stores yet? That is, beyond the obvious obsessiveness of fans that without a doubt do exist in the Sony PlayStation universe – besides their madness, why?

Because the Sony DualShock 4 controller works with Bluetooth, and its compatibility is absolutely not limited to the PlayStation 4 itself. According to YouTuber Udetto (Video since removed) VIA IGN suggests – and demonstrates – the DualShock 4 controller works with a wired connection to the PlayStation 3. At the moment, it would seem that compatibility is limited – in-game controls are not complete, while menu selections work fine. We’re expecting a software update to alleviate this in the near future.

The PlayStation 4 controller DualShock 4 works with a touch panel (called the TouchPad) on its face that allows the user to navigate panels with a mouse pointer or otherwise make with the odd PlayStation 4-centric movements. This bit of the controller will not (not at first at least) work with non-PlayStation 4 devices. There was also a possibility of a touchscreen up top of this device earlier in its creation process, if you did not know – axed at the last second by Sony.

“”A touchscreen was another idea that we had. We actually tested it, but [besides cost factors], our game teams felt like having to look down at the controller is not what they want to do. They want to have the consumers concentrated on the big picture that they show [on the TV].” – Sony Computer Entertainment product planning department Manager Toshimasa Aoki

The above quote comes from an interview Aoki did with VentureBeat on the DualShock 4 both in its pre-production stages and in its final form.

The DualShock 4 has the ability to connect to devices and recharge its internal battery pack with a microUSB. This means that there’s a great possibility that it’ll be able to be hacked and modified for use with even the oddest Bluetooth-packing system in the future. We must assume that the massive LED Light Bar will be able to be hacked as well – on forever as it is.

[aquote][DualShock 4 with Windows works with] basic functions… analog sticks and buttons will work just fine.[/aquote]

This controller has been confirmed by Sony to be compatible with Windows-based machines. While it’s not confirmed, it’s possible that this means you may be able to use the DualShock 4 controller to control your Xbox One – this would be absurd, but ironic enough that we’ll certainly be making the attempt when we get the chance.

This Windows machine compatibility was described by Shuhei Yoshida, President of Worldwide Studios for Sony Computer Entertainment as working with “basic functions” and that “the analog sticks and buttons will work just fine.”

Bluetooth inside this machine is described as Bluetooth 2.1+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate). This machine has Sony-made optimizations far beyond those of your average Bluetooth controller – part of the reason why they’ve been so successful in selling their own controllers for past PlayStation models instead of seeing themselves swallowed by 3rd-party controller manufacturers.

We’re very much looking forward to knocking out test runs with this controller on machines of all sorts in the near future! If you’re one of the lucky few users in the wild that’s found the DualShock 4 in stores (here well before release), let us know!

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Contigious And Non Contigious Memory Allocation In Operating System

Introduction

In operating systems, memory allocation refers to the process of assigning memory to different processes or programs running on a computer system. There are two types of memory allocation techniques that operating systems use: contiguous and non-contiguous memory allocation. In contiguous memory allocation, memory is assigned to a process in a contiguous block. In non-contiguous memory allocation, memory is assigned to a process in non-adjacent blocks.

Contiguous Memory Allocation

Contiguous memory allocation is a technique where the operating system allocates a contiguous block of memory to a process. This memory is allocated in a single, continuous chunk, making it easy for the operating system to manage and for the process to access the memory. Contiguous memory allocation is suitable for systems with limited memory sizes and where fast access to memory is important.

Contiguous memory allocation can be done in two ways

Fixed Partitioning − In fixed partitioning, the memory is divided into fixed-size partitions, and each partition is assigned to a process. This technique is easy to implement but can result in wasted memory if a process does not fit perfectly into a partition.

Dynamic Partitioning − In dynamic partitioning, the memory is divided into variablesize partitions, and each partition is assigned to a process. This technique is more efficient as it allows the allocation of only the required memory to the process, but it requires more overhead to keep track of the available memory.

Advantages of Contiguous Memory Allocation

Simplicity − Contiguous memory allocation is a relatively simple and straightforward technique for memory management. It requires less overhead and is easy to implement.

Efficiency − Contiguous memory allocation is an efficient technique for memory management. Once a process is allocated contiguous memory, it can access the entire memory block without any interruption.

Low fragmentation − Since the memory is allocated in contiguous blocks, there is a lower risk of memory fragmentation. This can result in better memory utilization, as there is less memory wastage.

Limited flexibility − Contiguous memory allocation is not very flexible as it requires memory to be allocated in a contiguous block. This can limit the amount of memory that can be allocated to a process.

Memory wastage − If a process requires a memory size that is smaller than the contiguous block allocated to it, there may be unused memory, resulting in memory wastage.

Difficulty in managing larger memory sizes − As the size of memory increases, managing contiguous memory allocation becomes more difficult. This is because finding a contiguous block of memory that is large enough to allocate to a process becomes challenging.

External Fragmentation − Over time, external fragmentation may occur as a result of memory allocation and deallocation, which may result in non − contiguous blocks of free memory scattered throughout the system.

Overall, contiguous memory allocation is a useful technique for memory management in certain circumstances, but it may not be the best solution in all situations, particularly when working with larger amounts of memory or if flexibility is a priority.

Non-contiguous Memory Allocation

Non-contiguous memory allocation, on the other hand, is a technique where the operating system allocates memory to a process in non-contiguous blocks. The blocks of memory allocated to the process need not be contiguous, and the operating system keeps track of the various blocks allocated to the process. Non-contiguous memory allocation is suitable for larger memory sizes and where efficient use of memory is important.

Non-contiguous memory allocation can be done in two ways

Paging − In paging, the memory is divided into fixed-size pages, and each page is assigned to a process. This technique is more efficient as it allows the allocation of only the required memory to the process.

Segmentation − In segmentation, the memory is divided into variable-sized segments, and each segment is assigned to a process. This technique is more flexible than paging but requires more overhead to keep track of the allocated segments.

Advantages of Non-Contiguous Memory Allocation

Increased Memory Utilization − Non-contiguous memory allocation allows for more efficient use of memory, as small gaps in memory can be filled with processes that need less memory.

Flexibility − This technique allows for more flexibility in allocating and deallocating memory, as processes can be allocated memory that is not necessarily contiguous.

Memory Sharing − Non-contiguous memory allocation makes it easier to share memory between multiple processes, as memory can be allocated in non-contiguous blocks that can be shared between multiple processes.

Increased Overhead − This technique requires more overhead than contiguous memory allocation, as the operating system needs to maintain data structures to track memory allocation.

Slower Access − Access to memory can be slower than contiguous memory allocation, as memory can be allocated in non-contiguous blocks that may require additional steps to access.

Difference between contigious and non contigious memory allocation in operating system

Aspect

Contiguous Memory Allocation

Non-Contiguous Memory Allocation

Method

Allocates memory in a contiguous block to a process

Allocates memory to a process in non-contiguous blocks

Block Size

Memory allocated in a single, continuous chunk

Memory allocated in noncontiguous blocks of varying sizes

Management

Easy to manage by the operating system

Requires additional overhead and can be more complicated to manage

Memory Usage

May result in memory wastage and external fragmentation

Efficient use of memory and reduces fragmentation within memory blocks

Suitable For

Systems with limited amounts of memory and fast access to memory is important

Larger memory sizes and systems that require more efficient use of memory

Advantages

Simple and efficient technique for memory management

More flexible and efficient technique for larger memory sizes and systems that require more efficient use of memory

Can be inflexible and result in memory wastage and fragmentation

Requires additional overhead and can be more complicated to manage

Conclusion

In conclusion, memory allocation is an important aspect of operating systems, and contiguous and non-contiguous memory allocation are two techniques used to manage memory. Contiguous memory allocation is a simple and efficient technique for allocating memory to processes, but it can result in memory wastage and fragmentation. It is suitable for systems with limited amounts of memory and where fast access to memory is important. Non-contiguous memory allocation, on the other hand, is a more flexible and efficient technique for larger memory sizes and systems that require more efficient use of memory. However, it requires additional overhead and can be more complicated to manage, particularly in the presence of fragmentation within memory blocks. The choice between these two techniques depends on the specific requirements of the system in question, and effective memory management is essential for optimal system performance.

Feature Stores: What Are They & Their Benefits In 2023?

According to a survey by Anaconda, data scientists spend nearly half of their time on data preparation.

Figure 1. How long does it take to put a trained model into production?

Figure 1: The time it takes for trained models to put in production, Source: Algorithmia

Organizations have started to adopt MLOps practices to overcome the challenges of model development and deployment processes and to streamline the machine learning lifecycle. One of the key components of MLOps are feature stores, which are used by companies like Uber

What is a feature?

A feature is an independent variable that affects the prediction of an ML model. For example, when predicting the delivery time of shipping, a feature can be the stock status of the product, the current workload of the shipper, the weather conditions, etc. Since raw data is rarely suitable to be used as an input to ML models, these features that are relevant to the problem at hand must be created through feature engineering.

A feature can be offline or online:

Offline features are variables that do not vary too often. For instance, in case of order shipping, the preparation time of the order is relatively constant if the ordered item is in stock. These types of features can be recalled via the data warehouse.

Online features are variables that change often and need to be updated in real-time. For instance, the weather condition is an online feature when predicting the delivery time.

In order for an ML model to function efficiently, both kinds of features should be considered.

What is a feature store?

Cleaning and extracting data through feature engineering, and the creation of data pipelines are complex operational processes. As the number and complexity of ML models increase, the time and computational power required to accomplish these processes also increase.

A feature store enters the picture at this point. It is a platform that

Stores the created features to be accessed and reused in future problems,

Enables the management of all features from a centralized place and makes them accessible for different teams,

Provides the metadata of a feature.

Feature stores enable businesses and data science teams to:

Creating features is a time-consuming process that requires domain expertise about the problem. Feature stores help data science teams to store the features that are created for a problem and reuse them for another problem. For example, the processed data about the average shipping time of a company or the standard delivery time of a restaurant can be utilized by various models. Reusability of features helps ML teams to accelerate ML model development process.

Improve collaboration

Different teams can use the same feature for different purposes. Storing features in a centralized platform makes them accessible to different teams developing different ML models. This improves collaboration between ML teams such as data scientists, data engineers, or MLOps engineers.

Make model training and model inference consistent

Feature stores can help eliminate the “online/offline skew” problem. This problem refers to the difference in model performance during model training and during inference due to the use of different features in these settings. By improving accessibility and reusability of features, feature stores eliminate this problem and improve the consistency of model performance between training and inference.

When to use a feature store and how to get started?

Feature stores can benefit all ML projects but if you have different teams that develop and manage multiple ML models, a feature store is a must-have tool. Scaling ML and AI projects across your organization requires a systematic approach such as MLOps and feature stores are often a part of MLOps platforms.

Alternatively, you can build your feature store with in-house resources if you have specific needs. However, this can also be a time-consuming process and often preferred by large companies.

How To Watch Only Murders In The Building A Week Early

Only Murders in the Building stars Steve Martin, Martin Short and Selena Gomez. The series follows three people who live in the same apartment complex in New York and are drawn together by their mutual love of true crime podcasts. When a neighbour mysteriously dies, the three team up to try and figure out what really happened.

The first season wrapped last year, and now the trio are back once again when another murder rocks the residents of the Arconia Building. If you want to watch new episodes as soon as they are released, then here is what you need to know.

You can also check out our opinion piece on why Only Murders in the Building’s streaming success is in the editing.

How to watch Only Murders in the Building in the UK

Episodes of Only Murders in the Building season two are rolling out now on Disney Plus in the UK. If you’re not signed up, an account costs either £7.99 per month or £79.90 per year.

Make sure that you have 14+ content enabled, as this show is only available on the Star library.

It is worth pointing out that the United States is a week ahead with this show. If you’re worried about being spoilt, then there is a way to watch it a week early.

How to watch Only Murders in the Building on Hulu in the UK

Only Murders in the Building season two is also available on Hulu in the US.

Hulu is geo restricted to users outside of America, but you can sign up for it with the help of a VPN. This can trick websites into believing that you’re accessing the internet from a different country. For streaming Hulu, this would be the US.

Of course, there is a disclaimer: this is against Hulu’s terms of service, as it violates the platform’s content licensing agreements. Proceed at your own risk.

There are many VPN options out there, but we recommend either NordVPN or Surfshark – and you should check out our full best streaming VPN ranking if you want to take a look at the rest of the competition.

To watch Only Murders in the Building, sign into your VPN service and select a US server – most VPNs should let you pick the location of your IP address – then head to the Hulu website.

Unfortunately, there is one more complication. Hulu sometimes blocks non-US credit cards – so if you don’t already have an account and want to set one up, it might reject your attempts to sign up.

If so, there’s an easy workaround though. Walmart sells Hulu gift cards, for either $25 or $50, which allow you to create an account with no credit card at all. Walmart simply emails the code to you, which you can then use to set up your account. You may also need to get a US address and phone number to sign up, but you can get hold of those for free online.

If the payment information goes through successfully, you should be able to sign into Hulu and watch Only Murders in the Building a week early.

How To Install Windows 11 22H2 (Early)

Although Windows 11 22H2 is not due for several weeks, the feature update has already been finalized, which means you can install the new version before it becomes available to everyone on September 20.

If you want to upgrade early to the Windows 11 2023 Update, you have to enroll the computer in the Release Preview Channel to download and upgrade to the latest feature update through Windows Update. Or you can download the official ISO file (preview) to create a USB media to perform a clean installation.

Important: Although the feature update has already been finalized, you may still run into some issues during and after the upgrade. This is why the Windows 11 2023 Update is still not available. Also, creating a

Although the feature update has already been finalized, you may still run into some issues during and after the upgrade. This is why the Windows 11 2023 Update is still not available. Also, creating a full backup of your computer is recommended in case you need to roll back if something wrong happens.

Install Windows 11 22H2 from Insider Program

You can install the final release of Windows 11 22H2 before it’s officially available using the Release Preview Channel. The Release Preview testing channel was designed for anyone who wants to try out upcoming features or has to validate apps and deployments for their organization. The previews in this channel are stable, but you may still run into problems.

To upgrade to Windows 11 22H2 early from version 21H2, use these steps:

Open Settings on Windows 11.

Under the “Pick your Insider settings” section, select the Release Preview option.

Open Settings after the reboot.

Once you complete the steps, Windows Update will download and begin updating the computer to the Windows 11 2023 Update.

After the upgrade, you can gracefully remove the computer from the program from the “Windows Insider Program” settings page to prevent upgrading to a follow-up version by turning on the “Stop getting preview builds” toggle switch.

Install Windows 11 22H2 from USB

Alternatively, you can also download the ISO file with the latest files to create a USB media to perform a clean installation. You need to start your computer with the bootable media to launch the Windows 11 2023 Update setup.

Also, you have to make sure the computer can start from a USB flash drive, which means you may need to change the UEFI settings. Since the firmware settings are different on every computer, you must check your manufacturer support website for more specific details.

To perform a clean install of Windows 11 22H2 from USB, use these steps:

Start the PC with the Windows 11 22H2 USB flash drive.

Press any key to continue.

Select the edition of “Windows 11” that your license key activates (if applicable).

Check the “I accept the license terms” option.

Warning: Deleting a partition also deletes all data on the drive. Also, it is not required to delete the partitions from a secondary hard drive.

Select the hard drive (Drive 0 Unallocated Space) to install Windows 11.

Select your region setting after installing it on the first page of the out-of-the-box experience (OOBE).

Select your keyboard layout setting.

If the computer uses an Ethernet connection, it will automatically connect to the network. If you have a wireless connection, you will need to set up the connection manually (a security key may be required).

(Optional) Confirm a name for the device.

Select the “Set up for personal use” option for Windows 11 Pro. The “Home” edition does not have this option.

Confirm your Microsoft account email, phone number, or Skype identification to create an account.

Confirm your Microsoft account password.

Create a new four-digit PIN.

Select the “Set up as new device” option. Or select to restore your settings from a previous installation.

Confirm your privacy settings that best suit your situation by turning on or off the toggle switch for each setting.

(Optional) On the “Let’s customize your experience” page, select one or more ways you plan to use the device to allow the system to suggest tools, services, and customizations within the experience.

Select the “Back up my files with OneDrive” option to automatically upload your Desktop, Pictures, and Documents folders to the cloud. Or Select the “Only save file to this PC” option.

After you complete the steps, Windows 11 22H2 will finish the clean installation on the computer.

Best Necromancer Builds In Diablo 4

Necromancer Blood Surge Build in Diablo 4

Do you love blood? Ever had the mood of playing as a vampire that utilizes blood to do damage? Blood Surge is one such build that solely relies on blood magic and shows just how much Necromancer, and by extension, the classes in Diablo 4 have variety in terms of character building.

Blood Surge utilizes the blood properties in Necromancer’s skill tree to annihilate hoards of enemies. This build can also be used to level up your character in the game.

Basic Skill

Skill To Pick: Hemorrhage

Level: Five

Supporting Skills: Enhanced Hemorrhage, Acolyte’s Hemorrhage

The first skill we will pick is Hemorrhage. This skill allows Necromancer to burst the enemy’s blood, dealing damage, making this an essential skill in this Diablo 4 build.

Core Skill

Skill To Pick: Blood Surge, Blood Lance

Level: Five

Supporting Skills: Enhanced Blood Surge, Acolyte’s Blood Surge, Enhanced Blood Lance, Paranormal Blood Lance.

Onto the core skills for this Diablo 4 Necromancer build, we will pick up Blood Surge and Blood Lance. Blood Surge allows Necromancer to draw blood from the enemies, dealing damage, and expel a blood nova in the process, dealing further damage. Pick up Enhanced Blood Surge and Paranormal Blood Surge. Enhanced Blood Surge heals us, which doubles if we draw blood from four or more enemies. Paranormal Blood Surge provides us with one stack of overwhelming blood.

As for Blood Lance, it allows Necromancer to throw a lance made out of the blood at the enemy, dealing damage by lingering inside them. Pick up Enhanced Blood Lance and Paranormal Blood Lance. Both of these skills, while providing reduced damage, will make it up with attack speed.

Corpse & Macabre Skill

Skill To Pick: Blood Mist

Level: Five

Supporting Skills: Enhanced Blood Mist

For the next skill, we will pick up Blood Mist. This skill allows us to become immune for a few seconds. While our movement speed drops down, we periodically deal damage to enemies and heal at the same time.

To make this better, pick up Enhanced Blood Mist. This skill will reduce the cooldown of Blood Mist if we cast a skill that overpowers it.

Curse Skill

Skill To Pick: Decrepify

Level: Five

Supporting Skills: Enhanced Decrepify, Abhorrent Decrepify

Ultimate

Skill To Pick: Blood Wave

Level: One

Supporting Skills: Prime Blood Wave, Supreme Blood Wave

For the ultimate, we will pick Blood Wave. This skill conjures a tidal wave of blood that deals 90% damage, knocking back enemies. Pick up Primal Blood Wave and Supreme Blood Wave to further improve this skill. These two skills not only slow down enemies but also leaves back three blood orbs for Necromancer in Diablo 4 to use, effectively making this build better.

Key Passive

Skill To Pick: Rathma’s Vigor

Level: 1

Supporting Skills: Nil

To ensure that the blood damage in this build for Necromancer in Diablo 4 is viable, we will pick Rathma’s Vigor. This skill helps in increasing our maximum life by 10%. Furthermore, after becoming healthy, our next blood skill overpowers.

Passives

Skills To Pick: Death’s Embrace under Curse Skill, Gruesome Mending, Coalesced Blood, Tides of Blood, Drain Vitality under Summoning Skill, Stand Alone under Ultimate Skill.

Level: Three for every single one of them.

Supporting Skills: Nil

To enhance the properties of this build, we will pick some passives. Under Curse Skill, pick Death’s Embrace. This skill ensures that Necromancer damages enemies closer to them more while taking less damage.

We then move on to Summoning Skills, where we pick Gruesome Mending, Coalesced Blood, Tides of Blood, and Drain Vitality. These four skills ensure Necromancer regains vitality, blood skills deal increased damage, and fortify them.

Book of the Dead

Under the Book of the Dead in Diablo 4, which is exclusive to the Necromancer class, we will pick the following properties to suit this build:

For Melee Skeletons, we will sacrifice them in favor of non-physical resistance. Our goal here is to make the character tanky.

For Mage Skeletons, we will sacrifice them to increase our overpower damage.

For Golem, we will sacrifice them in exchange for a health buff.

Necromancer Shadow Blight Build in Diablo 4

Another build inspired by the nice people at Icy Veins, Shadow Blight build utilizes the minions of Book of the Dead to fare against the bosses in the game, especially the world bosses. This build utilizes the properties of the Shadowblight skill and builds around it properly.

Basic Skill

Skill To Pick: Reap

Level: One

Supporting Skills: Enhanced and Acolyte’s Reap

The first skill we will pick for this particular Necromancer build in Diablo 4 is Reap. This skill allows Necromancers to sweep a scythe in front of them, dealing damage and reducing damage reduction.

To improve it, pick up Enhanced Reap and Acolyte’s Reap. Enhanced Reap gives us attack speed if an enemy dies from the skill. Acolyte’s Reap creates a corpse under the first enemy hit. This only happens every five seconds.

Core Skill

Skills To Pick: Sever and Blight

Level: Five for Sever, One for Blight

Supporting Skills: Enhanced and Paranormal Sever, Enhanced and Paranormal Blight.

On the other hand, Blight launches a concentrated blight that deals damage, leaving an AOE area, which keeps dealing damage for six seconds. Pick up Enhanced Blight and Paranormal Blight. Enhanced Blight helps slow down enemies, whereas Paranormal Blight can sometimes help immobilize enemies on hit.

Corpse & Macabre Skill

Skill To Pick: Corpse Explosion

Level: Five

Supporting Skills: Enhanced and Blighted Corpse Explosion

To make this build hit hard, we will pick up Corpse Explosion. One of the go-to skills for Necromancer during the open betas, this skill detonates a laying corpse on the ground, dealing damage to the surrounding enemies.

Pick Enhanced Corpse Explosion and Blighted Corpse Explosion to improve this kill. Enhanced Corpse Explosion increases the radius of the skill, while Blighted Corpse Explosion transforms this skill into a darkness skill, releasing a vile miasma in place of exploding.

Curse Skills

Skill To Pick: Decrepify

Level: One

Supporting Skills: Enhanced Decrepify

Decrepify returns from the previous build. Enemies afflicted by it are slowed down and deal less damage for a while. To amplify the skill, we will pick Enhanced Decrepify. Enhanced Decrepify helps in stunning enemies already afflicted by Decrepify.

Key Passive

Skill To Pick: Shadowblight

Level: One

Supporting Skills: Nil

Passives

Skill To Pick: Hewed Flesh under Core Skills, Grim Harvest, Fueled by Death under Corpse & Macabre skills, Reaper’s Pursuit, Crippling Darkness, Terror, Gloom, and Necrotic Carapace under Summoning skills, Stand Alone under Ultimate.

Level: Two for Gloom, One for Reaper’s Pursuit, Rest Five.

Supporting Skills: Nil

On to the Corpse and Macabre skills, we will pick Grim Harvest and Fueled By Death. These two skills help in essence generation and increased damage.

Next, under the summoning skills, we will pick five whole skills. Reaper’s Pursuit, Crippling Darkness, Terror, and Gloom are the first bunch of skills we shall pick. These four skills give Necromancer better movement speed, shadow damage, and the ability to stun enemies. Then, pick up Necrotic Carapace, which fortifies Necromancer when a corpse is created.

Finally, pick Stand Alone under the Ultimate. This helps in increasing damage reduction, which further increases if we have active minions.

The Book of the Dead

Just like the previous build, we will opt to sacrifice our minions for better damage.

Reaper skeletons will be sacrificed to gain increased shadow damage dealt.

Cold skeletons will be sacrificed to gain the ability to deal additional damage against vulnerable enemies.

The Bone Golem gets sacrificed to gain higher damage output.

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