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Introduction to MariaDB phpMyAdminMariaDB is the Database Management System used for storing, manipulating, handling, and managing the data which is to be stored in the relational format while phpMyAdmin is the tool used for Web-based applications that helps in the administration of the database management systems such as MySQL and MariaDB. The basic requirement for using the phpMyAdmin tool is to have a web browser, PHP, and a web server installed on your device. This article will cover the overview of using MariaDB DBMS in the PhpMyAdmin tool, a brief overview of both the technologies and the process of configuring and installing PhpMyAdmin, and an example showing the creation of a new database in MariaDB inside the PhpMyAdmin platform.
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Mariadb phpmyadmin Overview How to Install phpMyAdmin?Before you go for installing PhpMyAdmin, make sure that you have desired database in our case MariaDB should be installed on your machine. The database server which will be connected with PhpMyAdmin should be enabled. The installation of PhpMyAdmin can be carried out by using either of the two ways available. In both ways, there are different prerequisites that need to be followed.
Using Apache Server – MariaDB or MySQL database, PHP and Apache server should be installed before the installation of PhpMyAdmin.
Using WAMP – We can access the PhpMyAdmin tool via the sever available and installed in our machine which makes up the way to administer and manage the database processes.
Installation steps when using Apache Server
On your web browser go to this link as shown in the below figure and make use of the first link or simply make a google search of “phpMyAdmin download”. Download the latest version available at your time.
This page contains any other details about the donation for a free application, features and capability and usage of the tool, and also about the previous versions of the tools and their related details which can be seen here –
As the next step open the htdocs folder present inside the C drive containing Apache files and then copy all the contents from the phpMyAdmin extracted folder to htdocs. Further, you can also go for renaming this folder to phpMyAdmin to make it easy for the database to find out the files.
Search for PHP. ini-production file and rename it to chúng tôi located in the C drive. Refer to the below figure –
Open the above file and change the line containing and remove the semicolon given at the end of the line which allows calling the php functions.
Installation phpMyAdmin using WAMP servers –
The steps in the installation are listed below –
Go to the link on the browser as shown below –
You will have to download the WAMPServer application which is available free of cost and its page looks as shown below –
After, installation. You can see the list of packages and applications that come along with it. We have a functional material package that includes the localhost and Apache applications and also the database MariaDB or MySQL whichever you want to manage and administer. The WAMPServer option can also be set to the taskbar on windows which displays the pink icon.
Creating databases using phpMyAdminFeatures –
There are many features of PhpMyAdmin MariaDB that are listed below –
Data can be imported from SQL or CSV.
Provision of global search or even the subset of the database is there.
Multiple servers can be administered simultaneously.
MySQL and MariaDB features are supported which include drop, create, rename or alter the tables, views, databases, columns, indexes, restrictions, constraints, and fields.
The interface provided for the web is very intuitive.
We can manage the privileges and accounts of multiple users.
The graphical visual format of the database can be created as per requirement which includes many layouts options.
Query By Example also referred to as QBE can be used for creating various complex queries.
The transformation of stored data to any other predefined data format can be done with the help of predefined functions.
Triggers, events, functions, and stored procedures can be managed at a very easy pace.
Conclusion – MariaDB phpMyAdminPhpMyAdmin is a tool based on the web where you can administer and manage your database by using easy graphics than that typing in the query statements. Note that phpMyAdmin also allows you to execute the SQL queries.
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Learn The Steps To Install Mariadb Aws
Introduction to MariaDB AWS
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Thus, MariaDB is presented on Amazon AWS by means of MariaDB SkySQL, which is one of the options available for the database when consuming a MariaDB AMI on the platform Amazon EC2 or consuming Amazon’s RDS facility from the AWS Marketplace.
MariaDB SkySQL offers the server MariaDB having enterprise topographies for mission-critical jobs where the support is delivered by MariaDB directly. You can launch and start a MariaDB database in just minutes on AWS.
Working with MariaDB AWS
Being a customer of AWS, you will be aided from AWS data centres and also a network architected to secure your individualities, evidence, procedures and claims.
With the help of this AWS, users can progress the capability to come across primary security and agreement necessities like safeguard, data locality and privacy using our inclusive features and amenities.
Here, you need to recompense only for the facilities which a user uses, allowing systematizing physical security jobs so that one can swing emphasis to scale and renovate the business.
Using Amazon RDS, users can organize accessible MariaDB cloud databases with budget proficient and resizable hardware capability in just minutes. Since hundreds of thousands of users is accumulated in the cloud, suppliers like AWS can attain greater cost-cutting of scale that interprets into minor wage as-you-go fees.
Key features of MariaDB AWS
Amazon RDS creates it tranquil to configure, control and measure server MariaDB distributions in the cloud.
Trade capital cost for variable cost – You can pay for the computing assets you operate only, not to finance seriously in data hubs and servers before consuming them.
AWS empowers users to choose the operating system, web application platform, programming language, along with other services they require. This AWS provides a virtual environment which allows the user to load the software and amenities your application needs.
Amazon RDS provisions MariaDB server with versions 10.5, 10.4, 10.2 and 10.2 which means the script, tools and claims user already implement currently can be applied with Amazon RDS.
Provides Automated Management including Pre-configured parameters for the database; monitoring and metrics to observe key operational metrics for DB instance deployments, utilization of memory, compute, storage, capacity with DB Instance and I/O activity connections; confirm DB Event Notifications; automatic software patching to confirm that MariaDB software that is fueling database is latest one.
Offers quick and expectable performance including General Purpose storage (SSD) delivering a stable standard of 3 IOPS per established GB and further gives the capacity to erupt up to 3000 IOPS; Provisioned IOPS (SSD) delivers up to 64TB storage along with 80000 IOPS per MariaDB database instance.
Providing Backup and Recovery comprising automated backup of database records and transaction logs which is by default turned on; DB Snapshots to create backups of DB Instance that is user-initiated.
Offers Push-button scaling that includes Storage and IOPS with extra storage with zero downtime on the fly; Database Instance Class scaling the compute and resources for memory enabling the distribution up or down.
Delivers Replication consisting of Multi-AZ Deployments for improved availability and durability for Database Instances; Read Replicas that create it simple to elastically rule out afar the ability constraints of only DB Instance for database jobs with read-heavy type.
Providing Isolation and security including encrypting the MariaDB database by means of keys that accomplishes with the AWS KMS(Key Management Service); can segregate DB Instances in our own virtual network along with concerning to current IT infrastructure through industry-standard encoded IPSec VPN.
Steps to deploy MariaDB AWSLet us explore the steps to install MariaDB AWS on AWS RDS by the users:
Installing MariaDB AWS by logging in to the AWS account or creating a new account. After that go to the AWS Management Console.
You will find the Database section available in the AWS Management Console where choose RDS that will expose the AWS RDS Console.
Next, you need to choose the region intending to make the AWS MariaDB instance in, accessible from the upper right corner side of AWS RDS Console.
Beneath the initial section, one can select the options Easy Create or Standard Create. Choosing the option first option with Easy Create, AWS will configure all settings related to Security, Backups and so on automatically, whereas selecting the next option Create Database, the user need to create all these set ups manually.
Again beneath the section Engine Options, choose the AWS MariaDB and also the section Version where you can choose the current version or another one on the basis of necessities. Lastly, beneath the section Templates, the user can select to develop a Production Instance by choosing option Production as any template, choosing Dev/Test Instance for a Development environment or if anyone wants to gain knowledge about how MariaDB AWS operates or test prevailing an application, you can choose the template Free Tier. The ultimate rating depends on the type of instance the user makes.
Insert an appropriate DB Instance Identifier, having Master Username along with Password working for MariaDB AWS instance.
Depending on the necessities, choose an appropriate DB Instance Size class. One may find a supported instance classes list with their pricing here.
To assign space, choose the Storage Type beneath the section Storage and also confirm Auto Scaling is enabled.
Next, choose the option Security and Connectivity confirming the allowance of Public Access.
On AWS now the MariaDB Instance will be launched in few moments then you can view the complete facts on the button View DB Instance Details.
After this, you require to set up an SQL client on a local system which will connect to MariaDB AWS.
Configure MySQL Workbench on the local system to launch it.
There appears a dialog box querying info on the database to be connected.
There creates a connection between an instance of MariaDB AWS and MySQL Workbench. Thus, now queries can be executed on this.
Conclusion
On Amazon AWS, cloud database service is accessible using MariaDB SkySQL.
Through MariaDB AWS one can optimize business value – minimizing costs and enhance quickness, resilience and efficiency.
MariaDB AWS also reveals development prospects, invent sooner and create superior judgments with security obedience – storing, classifying and exploring your entire data in a single, integrated warehouse firmly.
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States Of Transaction In Dbms
Introduction to States of Transaction in DBMS
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In this article, we will learn about different states of the transaction in DBMS and also see what rules are followed by each of the state and how each state defines the behavior of the transaction at that particular moment.
Different States of the Transaction in DBMSLet us discuss different states of the transaction in DBMS.
1. States of TransactionWhat happens on the DBMS transaction is that number of small read and write operations are performed on the database and together small tasks of read and write tasks performing similar work are collectively called as transaction. A transaction consisting of group of small tasks can either commit or fail. In between the initialization and completion of the transaction, there are different states involved in the process. The different states of the transaction are described below in detail –
2. Active StateWhenever any database operation is performed on the database like updation, deletion, or insertion which involves the change in the database or even the select operation which involves the retrieval of the data from the database the transaction is started and the beginning state of every transaction is the active state in which whatever instructions are involved in the transaction are and if all the operations are executed successfully then the transaction goes into the partially committed state. In case if any problem occurs while executing any of the instruction in the transaction then the transaction goes into the failed state.
3. Partially Completed StateThe main purpose for having this state is that whenever we perform database operations the transactions may involve huge amount of changes to be made to the database and in case of power failure or any other technical issue if the system fails then the transaction will lead to inconsistent changes made to the database. To avoid this, we firstly make all the changes to the local repository or reader buffer or main memory for temporary basis so that in case of failure the changes can be reverted and transaction can be rollbacked. This will lead to the implementation of consistency property of the ACID properties of transaction which is the expected behavior for any transaction.
4. Failed StateIn case if any of the instruction fails to perform correctly or the changes are being saved to the memory properly then the transaction comes into the failed state.
5. Aborted StateIn case if any failure occurs while executing instructions or while making the changes to the memory the state of the transaction changes to aborted after failed where all the changes made to the local memory and the buffer reader are reversed that is deleted or rollbacked.
6. Committed State 7. Terminated StateIf there is any problem while executing the transaction, instruction of change reflection and the transaction is in the failed state then the transaction the changes are rollbacked and the transaction comes into terminated state after aborted state. Also, in case if all the operations are performed properly and changes are reflected the database appropriately then the transaction comes into the terminated state after committed state. In the terminated state the transaction is finally completed and the system is ready and consistent for the upcoming transaction to be taken and the old transaction to be stopped.
In case if the transaction fails and goes to aborted state then the database recovery system of DBMS has two options. The first one being the uncompleted, inconsistently or partial the system can restart the same transaction from beginning or the system will kill the ongoing transaction and will make itself free for any further tasks or transaction that the user will begin.
ExampleConsider a small example where the businessman wants to save the total sale of whole day in the database. In this case, the transaction will involve the retrieval of all the bill records for the day and then the transaction will enter into the active state where the calculation of the total sale amount of the day will be made. After that if calculation is done successfully then the transaction will move to partially committed state else will go to the failed state. In partially committed state the system will save the total calculated amount to the local main memory and if this is done successfully then the transaction will move on to commit state or will go to a failed state. In committed state the total amount will be saved permanently to the database and the transaction will move onto the terminated state. In case of the failed state transaction the changes are rollbacked and transaction goes to the aborted state where system becomes free.
ConclusionA transaction in DBMS involves multiple states which define the condition and situation of the transaction at a particular moment. A single transaction can be only in a single state at a given time.
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Learn The Examples Of The Load() Method
Introduction to jQuery load()
The load() method of jQuery is used to get data from the server and place the HTML or text response in an element in the DOM. So, basically, it is a combination of two conventional methods of most scripting languages – the global get method and the respective methods to get the element in DOM and set their contents. If the element selector does not correspond to any element in the DOM, the load method is not called.
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NOTE: Prior to jQuery v3.0, there was an event handler in jQuery by the name of the load. Whether the event handler would be invoked or the method was determined at run time based on the number of arguments passed. Post jQuery v3.0, the event handler has been deprecated, and we now only have the load() method to get data from the server and modify the contents of DOM elements with the response.
Syntax of load() MethodThe syntax of the load() method has three variants based on the number of optional parameters passed to the method.
The basic and the most elementary syntax is as follows:
Here data is sent along with the request object to the server. This is useful in cases when your server expects some data or some parameters along with the request object. A simple example would be the id of the person whose details are requested from the server.
Then there is the third syntax which includes a callback function:
Here complete is the callback function, which is called when the request to the server is completed. A request to the server is considered complete post the receipt of the response and the DOM manipulation of the element. A very important point to note here is that this callback function is called once for every element in the selector.
NOTE: If data is sent along with the request, the POST method is used by jQuery. If not, the GET method is assumed.
How does the load Method Work?Let’s see behind the scenes of the load method.
Step 1 – It begins with finding the element in the DOM.
Step 2 – If the element is found, the next step is to send an AJAX request to the server at the specified url. An AJAX is an Asynchronous JavaScript and XML call. Since they are asynchronous, they do need a page refresh.
Step 3 – Once the response is received from the server, the next step is to insert the DOM element’s response. jQuery uses the browser’s innerHTML property to manipulate the contents of the element.
Step 4 – Now is the time to execute any callback functions, if present.
Examples of jQuery load()Let us look at some of the examples of the load() method.
NOTE: Throughout the examples in this article, we would be using the browsers’ developer console. Simply open the browser developer tools (Ctrl/Cmd + Shift + C) and go to the Console tab in the developer tools window.
It looks like this in Chrome:
This is the playground for most of the jQuery related concepts. We would be using this playground throughout this article.
Next, we identify the element we would like to modify the contents of. Let’s modify the complete body of the page. From the Elements tab in the developer window, you would see that the element is this:
This element is uniquely defined through an id attribute bodyContent. We would use this id as a selector.
NOTE: Keep in mind that the attribute values are case sensitive – bodyContent is not the same as bodycontent.
Now, we would fetch data from Wikipedia’s JavaScript page and insert it into the jQuery page’s content. Go to the console tab and type the following command:
As you press enter, notice that the jQuery page’s entire content now has JavaScript page’s content.
Ignore the error – this is because our experiment resulted in implementing one object model more than once, which caused Wikipedia’s code to throw an error. Next, go back to the Elements tab and search for the bodyContent element again.
Notice the change in the entire HTML content of the element. It now looks like this:
You could also display an alert when the entire operation is successful through the load method’s complete function parameter. Go back to the console tab and type the following command:
alert(“Okay!!!”); }); Elements of load Method
The load() method of jQuery fetches HTML from the URL and uses the returned HTML to fill the selected elements; let’s look at a few elements.
Loading Page FragmentsThe load() method also allows us to load a fragment of the content instead of the entire content. Let’s see how to do this.
Go ahead and give it a try to see the results for yourself. Also, go to the JavaScript page and search for the element by the id History. Verify whether the results are indeed accurate.
So what happened here? jQuery did load the entire contents of the url but parsed it to find the element suffixing the url and inserted only the element’s innerHTML contents into the destination element in the DOM.
Executing ScriptsThere is a fundamental difference between when jQuery implements the load method with a selector appended to the url and without a selector appended to the url.
In the former case, the scripts from the url are executed. Whereas in the latter case, the scripts are omitted. Thus,
Conclusion – jQuery load()So, we have covered the load() function of jQuery in this article. We have understood how the load method works behind the scenes and in-depth as well. It is recommended to practice the method more with different kinds of data. This will help you get a better understanding of how the function works.
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Learn The Examples Of Typescript Regex
Introduction to TypeScript RegEx
TypeScript RegEx is a Regular Expression object for matching text with some pattern. As TypeScript is also a part of JavaScript, similarly regular expressions are also the objects. TypeScript RegEx is the pattern matching standard for replacement and string parsing. These RegEx are used on various platforms and other programming environments. Since RegEx are language-independent, here, we will be discussing TypeScript RegEx. However, these Regular Expressions are now available for most of the Visual Basic and Visual Basic for Applications versions. Regular Expressions are used to find strings and replace them in a defined format. TypeScript Regular Expressions are also used to parse dates, email addresses, and urls, config files, log files, programming, or command-line scripts.
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In TypeScript, Regular Expressions or RegEx object can be done in 2 ways:
Using/ Calling a Constructor function of the Regular Expression Object.
Using a Regular Expression Literals.
Syntax:
Here in TypeScript, we use a Constructor function of the Regular Expression Object.
let regex = new RegEx('bc*d')Parameter: A pattern string is to be passed to the RegEx constructor object.
We can also use Literals for Regular Expressions,
let regex: RegEx = /bc*d/;This syntax consists of any string pattern inside slashed.
Examples of TypeScript RegExHere are the following examples mention below
Example #1RegEx using literals
Code:
let sampleRegEx: RegExp = /^[+ 0-9]{7}$/; console.log(sampleRegEx.test('732g')) console.log(sampleRegEx.test('453gh67')) console.log(sampleRegEx.test('2355575')) console.log(sampleRegEx.test('7878734')) console.log(sampleRegEx.test('423%^')) console.log(sampleRegEx.test('abcdefg')) console.log(sampleRegEx.test('@#$$#%5'))Output:
Expression pattern [0-9] represents that the matching string should only contain numbers from 0 to 9 and only 7 digits are to be present in the string. Based on these conditions, the string checks with the expression and returns a Boolean value as true or false.
Example #2RegEx matching for Email Address using RegEx constructor Object.
Code:
Output:
Example #3Replacing string value with TypeScript RegEx
Code:
var regex = /apple/gi; var regexStr = "oranges are jucier than apple"; var newStr = regexStr.replace(regex, "mosambi");Output:
Here, regex has a pattern ‘apple’. TypeScript Regex searches for the string ‘apple’ and replaces it with ‘mosambi’ using the string replace method and prints the complete string.
Let us get deeper on how to actually write a Regular Expression,
A TypeScript Regular Expression consists of simple characters as such, inside slashes / /. Expression such as /abcd/ or something which involves combination of special characters like /ab+c/ or complex expressions like /[a-z]+.%$d*/.
Simple patterns are constructed of characters to find a match directly. In example 3, we had directly searched for the word ‘apple’ and replaced using the word ‘mosambi’. Such matches will be useful to search for a word, replace it, or search for a substring. Even ‘space’ counts here. There is a lot of difference between the word ‘EducbaWebsite’ and ‘Educba Website’ if we search for the expression ‘ba W’.
Coming to Special characters, when a user searches for something more than a direct match like finding more than one g’s or finding digit 5 or any special character in the pattern. For example, Finding a single r followed by zero or more a followed by a digit, the pattern looks something like this; /ra*5/ Here * refers to zero or more a’s i.e the preceding item in the pattern.
Escaping: Used for Special Characters, If the user wants to have any kind of special characters in his pattern, the user needs to escape it by using a backslash in front of a special character. For example, to search for r followed by ^ and then at, backslash ‘’ will be used to ‘escape’ ‘^’ making it a literal instead of a special character. Pattern looks as, /r^t/
There is one more method to discuss in TypeScript RegEx, which is exec, this is used to search for a match in the specific string, returning the result of an array or a null. TypeScript RegEx objects are stateful when expressions have a global or a sticky flag set. Using exec, the user can loop over multiple matches in the input text.
Syntactically written as, regex.exec(string)
The string is the parameter passed to match the mentioned Regular Expression or the pattern. If there is a match found, exec() is a method that returns an array along with the index and the input text by further updating the last index of the object. If the matched text fails, the exec() returns null and the last index of the object is set to 0.
Example #4TypeScript RegEx.exec()
Code:
const regexExec = RegExp('edu*', 'g'); const string = 'tutorial from educba, in the hindu education'; let arr; while ((arr = regexExec.exec(string)) !== null) { console.log(`Found ${arr[0]}, indexed at ${regexExec.lastIndex}.`); }Output:
Here we searched for string ‘edu’ globally in the string above. Have declared a while condition saying if .exec(string) is not null, then return the index of the pattern found and set the last index.
ConclusionWith this, we conclude our topic ‘TypeScript RegEx’. We have seen what is TypeScript RegEx or also known as Regular Expression. We have seen how the syntax is and how it works, pulled out a few examples using both the literal method and the constructor object method in a way that will be understandable to all of you. Also have seen what are the types of expressions, Special character escaping, global object, and many more. Thanks! Happy Learning!!
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Learn The Examples Of Postgresql Subquery
Introduction to PostgreSQL Subquery
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Syntax 1. With a select statement Select column_name1, .., column_nameN From table_name1 [, table_name2] Where column_name operator Select column_name from table_name1 [, table_name2] [Where] condition) 2. With Insert statement INSERT INTO table_name [ (column_name1 [, column_name2 ]) ] FROM table_name1 [, table_name2] [WHERE VALUE OPERATOR] 3. With update statement UPDATE table_name SET column_name = new_value [WHERE OPERATOR [VALUE] (SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM TABLE_NAME) [WHERE) ] 4. With delete statement DELETE FROM TABLE_NAME [ WHERE OPERATOR [ VALUE ] (SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM TABLE_NAME) [ WHERE) ]Below is the parameter description of the above syntax as follows.
Select – Used to select the statement.
Column_name1 to column_nameN – It specifies the Column name.
From – You use the “From” clause to retrieve data from the chosen table.
TABLE_NAME – Used to specify the Table name.
Where condition – Where condition specified to fetch data per the query described to fetch the data.
Insert – Used to Insert statement.
Delete – Used to Delete statement.
Update – Used to Update statement.
Working of PostgreSQL SubqueryBelow is the working as follows.
A nested subquery, also known as an inner query, is what this refers to.
We have used the PostgreSQL subquery to select, insert, update, and delete statements.
It’s important to note that when working with PostgreSQL, you cannot use a subquery between operators with another subquery. However, you can use it within the Subquery itself.
Enclose it with parentheses.
We have used only one column in the select clause and multiple columns in the main query to compare it with the selected columns. Subqueries in PostgreSQL do not support the use of the “Order by” clause, but they can still be utilized in the main query.
Instead of the order by, we have used group by to perform the same operation as order by.
It will return more than one row.
You can use a subquery to return data that serves as a condition to restrict further the data retrieved by the main query.
Types of PostgreSQL SubqueryBelow is the type as follows. We have used Employee_test1 and Employee_test2 tables to describe types.
1. Table1 – Employee_test1 CREATE TABLE Employee_Test1 ( emp_id INT NOT NULL, emp_name character(10) NOT NULL, emp_address character(20) NOT NULL, emp_phone character(14), emp_salary INT NOT NULL, date_of_joining date NOT NULL); INSERT INTO Employee_Test1 (emp_id, emp_name, emp_address, emp_phone, emp_salary, date_of_joining) VALUES (1, 'ABC', 'Pune', '1234567890', 20000, '01-01-2023'); INSERT INTO Employee_Test1 (emp_id, emp_name, emp_address, emp_phone, emp_salary, date_of_joining) VALUES (2, 'PQR', 'Pune', '1234567890', 20000, '01-01-2023'); INSERT INTO Employee_Test1 (emp_id, emp_name, emp_address, emp_phone, emp_salary, date_of_joining) VALUES (3, 'XYZ', 'Mumbai', '1234567890', 35000, '02-01-2023'); INSERT INTO Employee_Test1 (emp_id, emp_name, emp_address, emp_phone, emp_salary, date_of_joining) VALUES (4, 'BBS', 'Mumbai', '1234567890', 45000, '02-01-2023'); INSERT INTO Employee_Test1 (emp_id, emp_name, emp_address, emp_phone, emp_salary, date_of_joining) VALUES (5, 'RBS', 'Delhi', '1234567890', 50000, '03-01-2023'); select * from Employee_Test1; 2. Table2 – Employee_test2 CREATE TABLE Employee_Test2 ( emp_id INT NOT NULL, emp_name character(10) NOT NULL, emp_address character(20) NOT NULL, emp_phone character(14), emp_salary INT NOT NULL, date_of_joining date NOT NULL); INSERT INTO Employee_Test2 (emp_id, emp_name, emp_address, emp_phone, emp_salary, date_of_joining) VALUES (1, 'PQR', 'Pune', '1234567890', 20000, '01-01-2023'); INSERT INTO Employee_Test2 (emp_id, emp_name, emp_address, emp_phone, emp_salary, date_of_joining) VALUES (2, 'XYZ', 'Mumbai', '1234567890', 35000, '02-01-2023'); INSERT INTO Employee_Test2 (emp_id, emp_name, emp_address, emp_phone, emp_salary, date_of_joining) VALUES (3, 'BBS', 'Mumbai', '1234567890', 45000, '02-01-2023'); INSERT INTO Employee_Test2 (emp_id, emp_name, emp_address, emp_phone, emp_salary, date_of_joining) VALUES (4, 'RBS', 'Delhi', '1234567890', 50000, '03-01-2023'); INSERT INTO Employee_Test2 (emp_id, emp_name, emp_address, emp_phone, emp_salary, date_of_joining) VALUES (6, 'ABC', 'Pune', '1234567890', 20000, '01-01-2023'); select * from Employee_test2;
Subqueries with the SELECT Statement
Below is the example of the Subqueries with the SELECT Statement as follows.
Subqueries with the INSERT Statement
Below is the example of the Subqueries with the INSERT Statement as follows.
INSERT INTO Employee_Test1 SELECT * FROM Employee_Test2 WHERE EMP_ID IN (SELECT EMP_ID FROM Employee_Test2) ; select * from Employee_test1;
Subqueries with the UPDATE Statement
Below is the example of the Subqueries with the UPDATE Statement as follows.
select * from Employee_test1;
Subqueries with the DELETE Statement
Below is the example of the Subqueries with the DELETE Statement as follows.
select * from Employee_test1; ConclusionA subquery in PostgreSQL is also called a nested or inner subquery. It does not use the ORDER BY clause, but the main query can use it to order the results. We used to group by clause instead of the order by clause in the PostgreSQL subquery.
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