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Faces vaguely ring bells and names elusively reside at the tips of tongues, and if you need to effectively manage contacts in our electronic age, you’re probably a candidate for ACT by Sage 2009, the latest version of the well-known contact manager.

A virtual lifeline for business owners, sale professionals and company representatives, contact managers such as ACT ‑ one of the few that remains from a deep pool of competitors ‑ help you manage contacts and track your interactions with them.

ACT not only manages contact information of the name-address-phone-number-e-mail variety, it also schedules activities and tasks and records contact-related communications including: e-mail, letters, proposals and phone calls, as well as your own observations and notes. It remains a superb program and does a great job of managing the entire sales process from meet-and-greet to closing and beyond.

In version 2009, ACT increases its integration with Microsoft Outlook and enhances its database search capabilities. While these may sound like incremental improvements, the new Outlook integration makes the program a worthy upgrade ‑ something that’s all too rare these days in an era of empty “upgrades.”

ACT comes in a standard version for individuals and small businesses and in a Premium version for larger teams and corporate workgroups. ACT Premium adds team-oriented features such as the Dashboard that serves team views and oversees contacts and activities, as well as activity reports that you can break down by user. Most important, Premium allows you to view the calendars activities for ten or more people. Premium also adds Web access in its Corporate Edition.

From here, the sky is seemingly the limit with various ACT flavors, for example for financial professionals and another for people in real estate. Sage also offers add-ons to integrate ACT with a BlackBerry, Pocket PC or Treo Smartphone; or to link with accounting programs such as Peachtree and QuickBooks. 

Another new feature lets you rely on Outlook rules to manage your inbox e-mail. Using this, for example, you can configure the system so any e-mail from a particular contact automatically becomes a part of a contact’s ACT history.

The program now offers fast access to your most recent contact lookups, which lets you view these lookups by type, date, time stamp and number of contacts.

And finally, you can apply calendar filters to printouts. Yes, you can now print ACT calendars based on priorities and date ranges ‑ and display selected users ‑ just the way that you see them on screen. This feature was long, long overdue.

Previously available only in ACT Premium, you can now automate tasks such as copying calendars and backing up databases in the basic version of ACT. There’s also an improved status bar that lets you view the progress of database synchronization and the time that remains in the process.

While ACT comes with some welcome new enhancements, Sage has maintained everything that was good in prior versions. The product does a first-rate job of tracking and organizing an abundance of information and clearly presenting it on intuitive screens.

You can have lots of letters, linked files, groups, phone calls, histories, notes and alerts associated with your contacts, and ACT manages to present it all in an intelligible manner. It’s a comfort to be able to receive a phone call and quickly bring up a contact’s entire history – that’s the true power of ACT

As before, the program tracks to-do lists and allows you to perform and record merged mailings on paper or via e-mail. Alarms remind you of appointments. The power of ACT, particularly the Premium version, is its capability to share data and its calendars throughout a team or across a division or company.

For those of you already familiar with ACT, the interface remains much the same. There are some minor quirks such as search parameters and report options that seem obvious but aren’t available in certain screens. Long-time customers have simply learned to live with these inconsistencies that probably stem from longtime conventions and the product’s evolution. Even a product this sophisticated and powerful has a few rough spots.

Longtime customers who rely on Microsoft Outlook, and that’s probably most of them, will welcome this upgrade.

Pricing

For individual and small teams, ACT sells for $229.99  (upgrade $169.95).

ACT Premium costs $399.99 MSRP (upgrade $259.95 MSRP) 

ACT Premium – Corporate Edition, which includes ACT Premium and ACT Premium for Web, costs $459.99 MSRP (upgrade $299.95 MSRP).

ACT 2009 and ACT Premium 2009 are available immediately, at no cost, for North American customers who subscribed to the ACT Platinum Care service. ACT products are also available through more than 700 ACT Certified Consultants.

Wayne Kawamoto has written more than 800 articles, columns and reviews about computers, new technologies, the Internet and small businesses. Wayne has also published three books about upgrading PCs, building office networks and troubleshooting notebook computers.

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The 2009 International Motorcycle Show

Motorcycles are the epitome of the phrase “form follows function.” And nowhere is that more evident than at the 2009 International Motorcycle Show. Kicking off this morning at the Jacob Javits center on Manhattan’s west side, Popular Science braved the blistering cold to see what’s new and what’s next.

Here is a sampling.

10) The 2009 Yamaha R1

The R stands for Relentless.

9) Johnny Pag custom chopper

A 300cc engine that gets 65 MPG!

8) Vectrix VX2E

This electric scooter’s top speed is 30 MPH, but it has zero emissions!

7) Moto Guzzi V7 Classic

The name says it all.

6) Vespa GTS 300

The fastest, most powerful Vespa ever.

5) Ducati Streetfighter

All the power of an Italian superbike, minus the sore shoulders.

4) 2010 Honda Fury

A custom look with all the quality and support you’d expect from Japan.

3) Victory Core

“A bike for the evolution of the enthusiast.” Or the mutation.

2) Roland Sands/Ducati Hypermotard

‘Tis a thing of exquisite beauty with the heart of a beast. (background artwork by Saber)

1) Kawasaki ZX-14

The Citizenship Act Of 1955

Introduction

Indian Citizenship Act 1955: Indian citizenship is defined in the constitution of India, and regulated by Indian Citizenship Act 1955. This act contains all the related provisions about the citizenship of Indians in detail.

If you are willing to know about Indian Citizenship Act 1955 in detail, then this article going to help you for that matter. Please read this article fully to gain all the related information about it.

So, let’s start-

What is Indian Citizenship Act 1955?

The Indian Citizenship Act of 1955 is a law enacted by the Parliament of India that governs the acquisition and determination of citizenship in India. The Act outlines the various ways in which an individual can acquire Indian citizenship, as well as the criteria and conditions for the same.

It replaced the earlier Indian Citizenship Act of 1950 and provided a comprehensive framework for citizenship in India.

The Act defines who is considered to be a citizen of India, including individuals who were born in India, those with Indian ancestry, and those who have lived in India for a certain period of time. It also outlines the procedures for acquiring citizenship by birth, descent, registration, or naturalization.

The Act also provides for the termination of citizenship, such as when a person voluntarily renounces it or acquires the citizenship of another country. It also outlines the criteria and grounds for denying citizenship, such as being deemed to be a security threat or being involved in activities that are prejudicial to the security of the country.

Important Provisions related to Indian Citizenship Act 1955 – Features of Indian Citizenship Act 1955

We have listed the Important Provisions / features of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1955 below:

Provisions Provisions Explained!

Definition of citizenship The Act defines who is considered to be a citizen of India, including individuals who were born in India, those with Indian ancestry, and those who have lived in India for a certain period of time.

Modes of acquiring citizenship The Act outlines the various ways in which an individual can acquire Indian citizenship, such as by birth, descent, registration, or naturalization.

Citizenship by birth The Act provides that a person born in India after January 26, 1950, is considered a citizen of India, subject to certain conditions.

Citizenship by descent The Act provides that a person born outside India on or after January 26, 1950, is considered a citizen of India if their father is a citizen of India.

Citizenship by registration The Act provides that a person who is not a citizen of India but is married to an Indian citizen can apply for citizenship by registration after living in India for a certain period of time.

Citizenship by naturalization The Act provides that a person who is not a citizen of India can apply for citizenship by naturalization after living in India for a certain period of time and fulfilling certain other conditions.

Termination of citizenship The Act provides for the termination of citizenship, such as when a person voluntarily renounces it or acquires the citizenship of another country.

Denial of citizenship The Act outlines the criteria and grounds for denying citizenship, such as being deemed to be a security threat or being involved in activities that are prejudicial to the security of the country.

Dual citizenship The Act does not allow dual citizenship, meaning that an Indian citizen cannot simultaneously hold the citizenship of another country.

Amendments The Act has been amended several times since its enactment, including the controversial Citizenship Amendment Act of 2023, which introduced new provisions related to citizenship for certain religious minorities from neighboring countries.

Key Provisions of Indian Citizenship Amendment Act 2023

The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2023 is an amendment to the Indian Citizenship Act of 1955 that introduced several new provisions related to citizenship in India. The main provisions of the CAA are as follows:

It provides a path to Indian citizenship for illegal migrants belonging to six non-Muslim communities from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh who entered India on or before December 31, 2014. These communities are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians.

The Act reduces the residency requirement for citizenship by naturalization from 11 years to 5 years for these non-Muslim illegal migrants.

The CAA overrides the earlier provision of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1955, which required applicants for citizenship to have resided in India for at least 11 years before they could apply for naturalization.

The Act seeks to protect religious minorities who faced persecution in their home countries by providing them with a path to citizenship in India.

The Act does not apply to Muslim illegal migrants from these countries, leading to accusations of religious discrimination.

The Act has been the subject of controversy and protests across India, with opponents alleging that it is unconstitutional and discriminatory.

FAQ’s

Q1. Who is eligible to become a citizen of India under the Act?

Ans: The Act defines various ways through which an individual can acquire citizenship in India, such as by birth, descent, registration, or naturalization.

Q2. How does one acquire Indian citizenship by birth?

Ans: Any person born in India on or after January 26, 1950, is considered to be a citizen of India.

Q3. Can foreign nationals become Indian citizens under the Act?

Ans: Yes, foreign nationals can become Indian citizens by registration or naturalization, subject to fulfilling certain criteria such as residence in India for a specified period of time and having a good character.

Q5. Can Indian citizenship be terminated under the Act?

Ans: Yes, Indian citizenship can be terminated if the person voluntarily renounces it, or if they acquire citizenship of another country.

Q6. Does India recognize dual citizenship under the Act?

Ans: No, India does not recognize dual citizenship, except in certain limited circumstances.

The Essential Commodities Act: An Overview

The Essential Commodities Act (ECA) was a piece of legislation passed by the Indian Parliament that regulated the supply and delivery of goods whose disruption could have a significant impact on the lives of ordinary people. The necessities for sustaining a typical existence are these items. Therefore, the availability and cost of such commodities have a significant impact on lives of general public. Therefore, the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, has a significant role in regulating the pricing, production, demand, and supply of essential products.

What does Essential Commodities Act Define?

The essential commodities act is legislated with the purpose to control the production, supply, distribution, and also trade and commerce of of some essential commodities in the interest of general public (at large).

Historical Background

The Defence of India Act, 1939, which was passed by the Indian government in response to World War 2, established regulations for the production, distribution, and control of a number of specified commodities. In 1946, the Act became inoperative. In the interest of the general public, it was believed that some restrictions were urgently required for the protection of several critical commodities. The Essential Supplies (Temporary Powers) Act, 1946 replaced the 1946−passed Essential Supplies (Temporary Powers) Ordinance. In 1948 and 1949, the General Assembly passed two resolutions that substantially expanded this Act’s contents. The first Essential Commodities Ordinance was enacted upon independence by the Third Constitutional Amendment, and it was later superseded by the current Act, The Essential Commodities Act, 1955.

Scope

The scope of this Act is pretty wide and covers entire India. The Act stipulates laws pertaining to the regulation and control of production, price, and distribution of the necessary commodities because it was passed in order to guarantee consumers’ access to important commodities and shield them from the exploitation of dishonest dealers. And also to keep up with or boost the supply of these crucial commodities and to ensure the availability and fair distribution of these necessities.

Essential Commodities

According to Section 2(A) of the Act, an item that falls within Entry 33 of List III (Concurrent List) of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India qualifies as an “essential commodity.” The government may also set the maximum retail price (MRP) of any packaged good it designates as an “essential commodity” under this Act.

The Act’s Schedule contains the following −

Defined under clause b of Section 3 of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.

Fertilizer

Foodstuffs

Hank yarn

Petroleum

Jute

Seed

Collector

According to the Act, a collector is defined as an additional collector or any other officer who is not a subordinate officer but has been given permission by the collector to carry out the powers and duties of the collector.

Amendment Act of 2023 Significance

It defines −

Defending consumers from unreasonable price increases on necessities.

The Act has been activated numerous times by the government in an effort to guarantee adequate supplies.

It takes tough measures against those who hoard and sell such goods illegally.

Raids are being conducted by state agencies to enforce the laws and punish those who break them.

Act’s Purpose

The Essential Commodities Act has criminal punishment that include up to seven years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both. Under the Prevention of Black Marketing and Maintenance of Supplies of Essential Calamity Act, 1980, the state and union territory governments may also take the detention of criminals into consideration. According to the PBMMSEC Act, an accused person can also be imprisoned for a maximum of 6 months in addition to receiving a fine or a sentence of up to 7 years in jail.

The Central Government’s Authority Under the Essential Commodities (Section 3) Price regulation pursuant to Section 3(3) of the Essential Commodities Act of 1955

It includes −

When the parties have previously reached an understanding about the restricted price set forth in this section.

Controlled price− The price is determined using controlled pricing when an agreement cannot be reached.

In cases where neither of the aforementioned prices apply, the price is determined based on the current local average market rate.

Paying the Purchase Price (Section 3B)

The restricted price set forth in this law or any other law that is currently in effect with respect to such food crops, edible oilseeds, or edible oil.

The general outlook for the crop

The requirements for this grade or variety

The Agricultural price commission’s suggestion

Conclusion

One of the crucial pieces of national legislation that pertains to safeguarding the interests of the general public is the Essential Commodities Act of 1955. This Act gives the Central Government extensive authority to regulate the supply and production of necessities. The price of the necessary goods that have been taken or confiscated is controlled by the Central Government under this Act. For the market to remain stable, all such regulations are essential.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. What is an Eessential Commodity?

The Essential Commodities Act doesn’t provide a precise definition for the phrase “essential commodities.” An item is considered an “essential commodity” in accordance with Section 2(A) of the Act if it is included in Entry 33 of List III (Concurrent List) of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. Any packaged goods that the government identifies as an “essential commodity” under this Act may have its maximum retail price (MRP) established by the government.

Q. What most recent amendments have been made to the Act?

Criminal penalties under the Essential Commodities Act can result in fines, imprisonment for up to seven years, or both. The state and union territory governments may also consider the arrest of criminals under the Prevention of Black Marketing and Maintenance of Supplies of Essential Calamity Act, 1980. The PBMMSEC Act states that in addition to a fine or a sentence of up to 7 years in prison, an accused individual may additionally be sentenced to a maximum of 6 months in jail.

Economic Recovery Tax Act Of 1981 (Erta)

Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA)

A federal tax law passed by the U.S. Congress to encourage economic growth by providing crucial tax cuts

Written by

CFI Team

Published November 16, 2023

Updated July 7, 2023

What is the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA)?

The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) was a federal tax law passed on August 13, 1981 by the 97th U.S. Congress as a big move to encourage economic growth by providing crucial tax cuts. The legislation was also known as the “Kemp-Roth Tax Cut.” It was signed into law by then-President Ronald Reagan.

Summary

The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) was a federal tax law passed on August 13, 1981 by the 97th U.S. Congress as a major move to encourage economic growth by providing crucial tax cuts.

The legislation was also known as the “Kemp-Roth Tax Cut.” It was signed into law by then-President Ronald Reagan.

The main objectives of the ERTA were to provide tax cuts to stimulate economic growth, capital cost recovery of fixed investments in plant, equipment, and real estate, providing incentives to increase savings in the economy, and so on.

Main Objectives of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981

The Economic Recovery Tax Act was enacted into law, keeping in mind the working principles of supply economics. The basic idea behind it was that providing tax cuts, especially for the higher income tax groups, would lead to more money in the hands of the wealthy and the businesses. It would help increase the potential for more and more investment and economic growth, as the higher income groups would be able to spend on capital investment and economic growth.

The benefits of these tax cuts would then “trickle down,” i.e., pass on to the average and lower-income group citizens. A flourishing economy would increase employment opportunities in the economy and increase consumer expenditure, thereby increasing the purchasing power of the overall economy.

The main objectives of the ERTA were as follows:

Providing tax cuts to stimulate economic growth

Capital cost recovery of fixed investments in plant, equipment, and real estate

Providing incentives to increase savings in the economy

What was the Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS)?

The Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS) was a major component of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. The ACRS’ main purpose was to change the way depreciation is accounted for, i.e., deducted to provide tax concessions. Such a way of providing tax concessions was crucial to reduce the tax liabilities of businesses and corporations. The move, in turn, enhanced investment and economic growth.

The Accelerated Cost Recovery System’s depreciation changes were later repealed by the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFR). The TEFR was later amended in 1986 into the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS).

Tax Cuts under the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA)

The tax cuts under the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) were as follows:

The accelerated cost recovery system (ACRS) accelerated the depreciation tax reductions and changed the way depreciation was accounted for to reduce taxation.

Indexing individual tax brackets, with a 23% cut in individual tax rates

The top tax rate cut was from 70% to 50% over three years.

The lowest tax rate cut was from 14% to 11%.

The real estate tax exemption was increased to $600,000 from $175,600 to promote capital cost recovery.

All working taxpayers were to establish Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). The move was intended to increase savings in the economy.

A 10% exclusion on income was introduced for two-earner married couples up to $3,000.

Taxations on windfall profit gains were reduced.

There was a reduction in the capital gains tax from 28% to 20%.

The ERTA indexed for inflation as well.

Consequences and Effects of the ERTA

The ERTA, to some extent, did work according to the underlying supply-side economics principles. However, some consequences were dire to the economy:

Due to the massive decline in tax revenues, the federal deficit increased significantly.

The overall consumer spending did not increase despite the tax concessions.

By the end of 1982, the U.S. unemployment rate reached an all-time high of approximately 11%.

While there were some initial positive effects of the ERTA, the act was ultimately a failure for the Reagan presidency.

Additional Resources

Review: Protect Your Photos From Thieves By Watermarking Them With My Watermark

There is a myth on the Internet that any photo out there can be taken and used without payment and/or attribution. Make sure you are not a victim of this myth by protecting your work with My Watermark.

Some people seem to think that if they find an image they like on Google Images, then they can just take it and use it how they please. If you are the owner of that photo, being exploited like that both cheapens your work and possibly loses you licensing fees. So the solution is to watermark the image, to make it obvious that the image is yours. My Watermark is a portable application that helps you do this quickly and easily.

My Watermark is a small portable application which you can place inside your Dropbox folder or on a USB stick. When you start it up, its first drawback becomes immediately evident–the app is donationware, which in this case means it’s free to use, but for as long as you don’t donate a minimum of $10, you are going to see a nag screen every time you start the app up, and every photo you watermark with this app for will have the developer’s website URL on it.

If you find this app useful, and you think you are going to use it often, then just donate the $10. It will entitle you to use all of the developer’s other software on his site too. So it may end up becoming a good deal for you. If you refuse on principle to pay money for software, you will have to learn to live with the website URL on your photos–or find another similar program such as TSR Watermark.

When loading photos into My Watermark, you have to load the folder where the picture or pictures are located. The app will then begin to generate thumbnails for each picture. The app claims this will speed things up, but I found that, while generating those thumbnails, the app was extremely slow and unresponsive, therefore frustrating to use. So if you have a lot of images in the target directory, it may be better to go off and make a cup of coffee while they all load.

Once they have loaded, you will then see that you have various options open to you. First, you need to type the text that you want as your watermark (such as your name). Then, you can specify the position of the watermark, the font, the color, and most importantly, the transparency. I have found that it is much better to have a softer looking watermark with a bigger transparency, so the picture itself is not ruined. But everyone will have their own tastes and the program allow you tweak these to your liking.

Once the watermark has been made to your satisfaction, have it made and copied to your computer.

As you can see above, the watermark is really good quality, although you can’t use images instead of text. The process is so painless that if you don’t like the watermark, you can just go back in and redo it in a couple of minutes.

Despite the initial speed issues and the nag screen getting you to cough up some cash, this is a nice little app that could end up paying for itself, when opportunistic people are discouraged from stealing your pictures and conveniently forgetting to pay you.

Note: The Download button on the Product Information page will download the software to your system.

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